Lung cancer is considered one of the most common and fatal form of cancer and as such, it requires urgent attention from medical researchers in order to slow its current epidemic proportions. This book analyzes the dose-response relationship of vitamin E intake on the risk of developing lung cancer, with emphasis placed on both dietary and supplemental intakes of vitamin E, as well as the various barriers to identifying the biological processes that drive lung cancer formation. The aim of the book is to improve our understanding of the empirical and mechanism-based vitamin E-lung cancer models, and to aid in developing new strategies for the treatment and prevention of lung cancer. The book sets the stage for a discussion on the dose-response modeling of vitamin E intake and lung cancer risk by briefly describing the concept of dose-response and its quantified strength of association in two selected cohort studies, and by presenting the cellular mechanisms through which vitamin E may exert its anti-cancer activity. Safe and beneficial dietary and supplemental doses of vitamin E are estimated, as are its critical doses. Throughout the book, gaps in knowledge relating to the evaluation of the relationship between vitamin E intake and lung cancer risk, especially those in dose-response analyses, are revealed. Understanding these gaps and their implications can inform the design of new dose-response studies, which may add to our knowledge of vitamin E activity and shed light on issues related to its bioavailability and action in lung cells. The book concludes by summarizing the main conclusions and implications derived from this assessment.