Poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetic patients present several challenges and ethical dilemmas to health care professionals. Given the dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, and with more women having babies later in life, as well as the growing financial constraints on medical care, it is recommended to design and conduct intervention studies that address the risk factors associated with developing gestational diabetes mellitus to, ultimately, promote healthy generations. Therefore, in this paper, findings of three clinical trials that may lead to new treatments for diabetes patients are covered and assessed. The assessment process involves hypothesis testing and inferential statistics, both of which offer a link between empirical evidence and theoretical interpretations. More specifically, the first chapter reviews the epidemiology and treatment recommendations for the assessment and management of pregnancies complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes. It further discusses the differences between statistical versus clinical significance and covers the ethical considerations that should guide any investigators in the design and conduct of clinical trials. The second chapter involves the use of SPSS to identify which of the two diets used in an experiment on laboratory mice resulted in the greatest weight loss among the mice tested, the results of which may be used to suggest the best choice to diabetic patients with weight problems. Furthermore, statistical tests are employed on the results of two experimental sleeping pill medications (dextro hyoscyamine hydrobromide and laevo hyoscyamine hydrobromide) to determine which of the two sleeping medications contribute more to an increase in hours of sleep for the study's subjects. The final chapter concludes the paper.