This paper explores briefly the "Global Burden of Disease," which is a comprehensive study conducted by WHO and Harvard School of Public Health to evaluate the global impact of mortality and disability from various disease conditions, injuries and risk factors. The paper presents two of the epidemiological scenarios, namely "Steady Progress" and "Progress Stymied" that have been observed by the scientific community while investigating the epidemiology of communicable versus non-communicable diseases. It underlines the differences in opinions raised by international health researchers concerning the global outlook for infectious versus chronic diseases. The paper also lists the factors that are likely to affect whether infectious or non-infectious diseases will pose a greater threat in the future. It further compares and contrasts two population pyramids; one of Germany and one of the Philippines, and discusses their major epidemiological trends, including pyramid shape, birth and death rates, negative environmental factors, and access to health care facilities. Lastly, the expected changes in causes of death if the current global life expectancy (65 years) increased to 76 years within the next 10 years, and the conclusions drawn are presented in the last sections.