Highperformancecomputinghaschangedthewayinwhichscienceprogresses. During the last 20 years the increase in computing power, the development of e?ective algorithms, and the application of these tools in the area of physics and engineering has been decisive in the advancement of our technological world. These abilities have allowed to treat problems with a complexity which had been out of reach for analytical approaches. While the increase in perf- mance of single processes has been immense the increase of massive parallel computing as well as the advent of clustercomputershas opened up the pos- bilities to study realistic systems. This book presents major advances in high performance computing as well as major advances due to high performance computing. The progress made during the last decade rests on the achie- ments in three distinct science areas. Openandpressingproblemsinphysicsandmechanicalengineeringarethe drivingforcebehindthedevelopmentofnewtoolsandnewapproachesinthese science areas. The treatment of complex physical systems with frustration and disorder, the analysis of the elastic and non-elastic movement of solids as well as the analysis of coupled ?uid systems, pose problems which are open to a numerical analysis only with state of the art computing power and algorithms. The desire of scienti?c accuracy and quantitative precision leads to an enormous demand in computing power. Asking the right questions in these areas lead to new insights which have not been available due to other means like experimental measurements. Thesecondareawhichisdecisivefore?ectivehighperformancecomputing is a realm of e?ective algorithms.

Implementions.- Parallel Programming Models for Irregular Algorithms.- Basic Approach to Parallel Finite Element Computations: The DD Data Splitting.- A Performance Analysis of ABINIT on a Cluster System.- Some Aspects of Parallel Postprocessing for Numerical Simulation.- Algorithms.- Efficient Preconditioners for Special Situations in Finite Element Computations.- Nitsche Finite Element Method for Elliptic Problems with Complicated Data.- Hierarchical Adaptive FEM at Finite Elastoplastic Deformations.- Wavelet Matrix Compression for Boundary Integral Equations.- Numerical Solution of Optimal Control Problems for Parabolic Systems.- Applications.- Parallel Simulations of Phase Transitions in Disordered Many-Particle Systems.- Localization of Electronic States in Amorphous Materials: Recursive Greens Function Method and the Metal-Insulator Transition at E ? 0.- Optimizing Simulated Annealing Schedules for Amorphous Carbons.- Amorphisation at Heterophase Interfaces.- Energy-Level and Wave-Function Statistics in the Anderson Model of Localization.- Fine Structure of the Integrated Density of States for BernoulliAnderson Models.- Modelling Aging Experiments in Spin Glasses.- Random Walks on Fractals.- Lyapunov Instabilities of Extended Systems.- The Cumulant Method for Gas Dynamics.