This book examines the nature of transnational organized crime and gangs, and how these diverse organizations contribute to violence, especially in so-called fragile states across Central and Latin America. While the nature of organized crime and violence differs depending on the context, the authors explain how and why states plagued by weak institutions tend to foster criminal organizations and violence, and why counter-crime initiatives often result in higher levels of violence. By examining the consequences of tough on crime policies (e.g.,mano dura) in places like Mexico, El Salvador, and Colombia, the volume offers a new perspective on the link between state fragility, crime, and violence.

Jonathan D. Rosen is Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Holy Family University, USA, and has most recently publishedThe Losing War: Plan Colombia and Beyond.Hanna Samir Kassab is Teaching Assistant Professor at East Carolina University, USA, and has most recently publishedGrand Strategies of Weak States and Great Powers.

1. Introduction.- 2. History of Crime and Violence.- 3. Fragile States, Corruption, and Crime.- 4. Trends in Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime.- 5. Gangs and Counter-gang Strategies.- 6. Understanding the Nature Violence: Crime and its Future.- 7. Conclusion.