This book provides an interdisciplinary concept of digital working environments in industry 4.0 to enable the implementation of the digital twin of humans. Information and communication technology is penetrating all areas of daily life at a rapid pace in private and professional areas. These technologies enable companies to aggregate huge volumes of data. Collected personal data of employees creates the opportunity of a digital representation of the human being itself, that is conformant with the definition of a digital twin. These digital twins of humans include selected characteristics and behaviour of the humans, that are linked to models, information, and data. According to existing trend studies, the digital twin of humans is a technology that will have a significant impact on the economy, society, and people. It is important to consider the regulatory framework for the use of personal data and threats of misuse. This book will be of use to researchers and professionals in industry.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Iris Gräßler is professor of Product Creation at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the Paderborn University. She is a member of the NRW research program "Design of flexible working environments - human-centered use of Cyber-Physical Systems in industry 4.0". Prof. Gräßler's research focus lies on Model-Based Product Creation. On basis of models, cause effect relations are objectively explained and thus actively shaped. Main attention lies on Intelligent Technical Systems, i.e. adaptive configurable mechatronic systems and cyber-physical systems. Günter W. Maier is professor of Work and Organizational Psychology at Bielefeld University. His research focuses on psychological processes of increasing digitalization of work (e.g., perceptions of AI decisions, XR-technologies in vocational trainings). He is vice chair of the NRW research program "Design of flexible working environments - human-centered use of Cyber-Physical Systems in industry 4.0" and he coordinates the topic area "Technology and Society" at the CoR-Lab at Bielefeld University, a leading transdisciplinary centre of excellence for applied research and industrial innovation transfer in the fields of cognition and robotics. Prof. Dr. Eckhard Steffen is managing director of PACE (Paderborn Center for Advanced Studies) and head of the Working Group of Discrete Mathematics/Graph Theory at the Institute for Mathematics of the Paderborn University. He coordinates the NRW research program "Design of flexible working environments - human-centered use of Cyber-Physical Systems in industry 4.0" and is a member of the NRW research program "Digital Future". M. Sc. Daniel Roesmann is a research assistant at the chair for Product Creation at the Heinz Nixdorf Institute of the Paderborn University. He is member of the NRW research program "Design of flexible working environments - human-centered use of Cyber-Physical Systems in industry 4.0". In his research he focuses on human centered system design and decision support system, in particular in flexible production and assembly systems.