Contents List of Figures vii List of Musical Examples ix Preface xiii Notation and Script xvii Acknowledgements xix Introduction 1 chapter 1 Historical Background 5 chapter 2 Language 17 chapter 3 Scale and Mode 49 chapter 4 Recitation, Psalmody and Silence 89 chapter 5 Alan4kaaras and Neumes 101 chapter 6 Rhythm in Chant 129 vi chapter 7 The Hand: Mudraas and Cheironomy 137 Epilogue 153 Glossary 155 Bibliography 163 Index 169