Practical Transfusion Medicine

Practical Transfusion Medicine, Sixth Edition

The pace of change in transfusion medicine is relentless, with new scientific and technological developments and continuing efforts to improve transfusion practice. This sixth edition ofPractical Transfusion Medicine has been updated significantly to reflect the rapid changes in transfusion medicine since the fifth edition was published in 2017.

The primary purpose of this edition remains the same as the first: to provide a comprehensive guide to transfusion medicine. This book contains more depth of information than standard handbooks on transfusion medicine, whilst being more concise and approachable than a standard reference text.

This book covers the principles of transfusion medicine, the complications of transfusion, practice in blood centres and hospitals and clinical transfusion practice. This sixth edition includes a new section on patient blood management, cellular and tissue therapy, organ transplantation and the development of the evidence base for transfusion. It also features a new chapter on transfusion-associated circulatory overload to underline its importance as a complication of transfusion, and a reconfiguration of the section on clinical transfusion practice to allow consideration of the transfusion management of medical, surgical and haematology patients with and without bleeding.

This sixth edition ofPractical Transfusion Medicineprovides accessible and comprehensive coverage of the field of transfusion medicine. It is a standalone text that will be useful to clinical and scientific staff: not only for trainees who require an overview of the field, but also for established practitioners who are involved in some aspect of transfusion medicine and require a comprehensive, accessible reference book.

About the Editors

Michael F. Murphy, MD, FRCP, FRCPath, FFPath, is Professor of Blood Transfusion Medicine at the University of Oxford, and Consultant Haematologist for NHS Blood and Transplant and the Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

David J. Roberts, MB, ChB, DPhil, FRCPath, is Professor of Haematology at the University of Oxford, Medical Director for Pathology for NHS Blood and Transplant and also works as a Consultant Haematologist in the Department of Haematology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.

Mark H. Yazer, MD is Professor of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh, an Adjunct Professor of Clinical Immunology at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, and a Visiting Professor of Pathology at Tel Aviv University. His research interest is in blood use in massive bleeding.

Nancy M. Dunbar, MD is Associate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and serves as the Medical Director of the Blood Bank at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.

List of Contributors ix

Preface to the Sixth Edition xvi

1 Introduction: Two Centuries of Progress in Transfusion Medicine 1Walter H. (Sunny) Dzik and Michael F. Murphy

Part I Basic Principles of Immunohaematology 11

2 Essential Immunology for Transfusion Medicine 11Gregory A. Denomme

3 Human Blood Group Systems 21Geoff Daniels and Sean Stowell

4 Human Leukocyte Antigens 33H. Cliff Sullivan and Caroline R. Alquist

5 Platelet and Neutrophil Antigens 47Brian R. Curtis

6 Pretransfusion Testing and the Selection of Red Cell Products for Transfusion 64Mark H. Yazer, Meghan Delaney and Gregory A. Denomme Copyrighted Material

Part II Complications of Transfusions 77

7 Investigation of Acute Transfusion Reactions 77Heather Leary, Kathryn E. Webert and Nancy M. Heddle

8 Haemolytic Transfusion Reactions 91Edwin J. Massey, Robertson D. Davenport and Richard M. Kaufman

9 Febrile and Allergic Transfusion Reactions 108Sarah K. Harm and Mark K. Fung

10 Transfusion- Associated Circulatory Overload 120Robert B. Klanderman and Alexander P.J. Vlaar

11 Transfusion- Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) 130Alexander P.J. Vlaar and Rick Kapur

12 Purported Adverse Effects of Old Blood 145Lirong Qu and Darrell J. Triulzi

13 Transfusion- Induced Immunomodulation 154Neil Blumberg, Majed A. Refaai and Joanna M. Heal

14 Transfusion- Associated Graft- versus- Host Disease and Microchimerism 166Alexandra Budhai, Richard O. Francis and Beth H. Shaz

15 Posttransfusion Purpura 181Michael F. Murphy

16 Heparin- Induced Thrombocytopenia 187Theodore E. Warkentin and Andreas Greinacher

17 Transfusion- Transmitted Infections 206Steven J. Drews and Roger Y. Dodd

18 Bacterial Contamination 221Sandra Ramírez- Arcos and Mindy Goldman

19 Emerging Infections and Transfusion Safety 229Roger Y. Dodd

Part III Practice in Blood Centres and Hospitals 238

20 Regulatory Aspects of Blood Transfusion 238Louis M. Katz, Peter Flanagan and William G. Murphy

21 The Role of Hemovigilance in Transfusion Safety 247Katharine A. Downes and Barbee I. Whitaker

22 Donors and Blood Collection 257Marc Germain and Pierre Tiberghien

23 Blood Donation Testing and the Safety of the Blood Supply 269Mindy Goldman and Steven J. Drews

24 Production and Storage of Blood Components 278Marissa Li, Rebecca Cardigan, Stephen Thomas and Ralph Vassallo

25 Blood Transfusion in Hospitals 290Zoe K. McQuilten, Erica M. Wood, Mark H. Yazer and Michael F. Murphy

26 Disaster Preparedness 313Heidi Doughty, Fateha Chowdhury and Richard Rackham

27 Blood Transfusion in a Global Context 324David J. Roberts, Imelda Bates, Stephen P. Field, Aggrey Dhabangi, Jean Pierre Allain and Meghan Delaney

Part IV Clinical Transfusion Practice 337

28 Inherited and Acquired Disorders of Haemostasis 337Irina Chibisov, Jansen Seheult and Franklin Bontempo

29 Point- of- Care Haemostasis Testing 353Katrina M. Morgan, Matthew D. Neal, Louis Alarcon and Christine M. Leeper

30 Transfusion in Bleeding Patients 365Aaron S. Hess, Lynn G. Stansbury and John R. Hess

31 Transfusion in Non- Bleeding Medical and Surgical Patients 374Killian Donovan, Akshay Shah, Stuart McKechnie and Simon J. Stanworth

32 Transfusion in Malignant Haematological Disease 385Lise J. Estcourt and Michael F. Murphy

33 Transfusion in Benign Haematological Disease 399Eric Salazar and Christopher A. Tormey

34 Transfusion in Patients with Haemoglobinopathies 409Yvette C. Tanhehco and Patricia A. Shi

35 Transfusing Neonates and Infants 417Marianne E. Yee and Cassandra D. Josephson

36 Immunodeficiency and Immunoglobulin Therapy 426Siraj A. Misbah

Part V Patient Blood Management 441

37 Development of a Patient Blood Management Programme 441Jonathan H. Waters

38 Perioperative Patient Blood Management 451Martin Shao Foong Chong, Martin Rooms, Ravishankar Rao Baikady and Toby Richards

39 Restrictive Transfusion Practice and How to Implement It 465Marie A. Hollenhorst and Lawrence Tim Goodnough

40 Using Data to Support Patient Blood Management 476Nadia B. Hensley, Sandaruwani Abeysiri and Steven M. Frank

Part VI Cellular Therapy and Transplantation 489

41 Regulation and Accreditation in Cellular Therapy 489Julia Wolf, Zbigniew (Ziggy) M. Szczepiorkowski and James Griffin

42 Stem Cell Collection and Therapeutic Apheresis 504Khaled El- Ghariani and Zbigniew (Ziggy) M. Szczepiorkowski

43 Haemopoietic Stem Cell Processing and Storage 519Akash Gupta and Ronan Foley

44 Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation 531Richard Salisbury, Yisu Gu, Rachael Hough and Robert D. Danby

45 CAR- T Cells and Recent Advances in Clinical Cellular Immunotherapy 543Yisu Gu, Alex Rampotas, Connor Sweeney, David J. Roberts and Ronjon Chakraverty

46 Tissue Banking 554Akila Chandrasekar, Richard Lomas and Paul Rooney

Part VII Development of the Evidence Base for Transfusion 561

47 Observational and Interventional Trials in Transfusion Medicine 561Alan T. Tinmouth, Dean Fergusson and Paul C. Hébert

48 Getting the Most Out of the Evidence for Transfusion Medicine and Lessons from the COVID- 19 Pandemic 576Simon J. Stanworth, Susan J. Brunskill, Carolyn Dorée and Yulia Lin

49 A Primer on Biostatistics 590Andrew W. Shih, Na Li, Celina Montemayor and Nancy M. Heddle

50 A Primer on Health Economics 609Seema Kacker and Aaron A. R. Tobian

51 Scanning the Future of Transfusion Medicine 620Jay E. Menitove, Paul M. Ness, Suzanne R. Thibodeaux and Edward L. Snyder

Index 632