This book offers a state-of-the-art, evidence-based reference to all aspects of veterinary cytology. Truly multidisciplinary in its approach, chapters are written by experts in fields ranging from clinical pathology to internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, and dermatology, drawing the various specialties together to create a comprehensive picture of cytology's role in diagnosis and treatment of animal disease. Firmly grounded in the primary literature, the book focuses on companion animals, with special chapters for species with fewer publications. Chapters are logically organized by body system, with additional chapters on tumors of particular import and diagnostic decision making.

The first two sections ofVeterinary Cytology focus on cytology techniques, quality control, and special laboratory techniques. Subsequent sections are organ/tissue-based and reflect what is known about the canine, feline, and equine species. This is followed by chapters on non-traditional species, including exotic companion mammals, rabbits, cattle, camelids, non-human primates, reptiles and birds, amphibians, fish, invertebrates, and sheep and goats. The last section highlights some unique features of the applications of cytology in industry settings.

Veterinary Cytology is an essential resource for clinical and anatomic pathologists and any specialist in areas using cytology, including veterinary oncologists, criticalists, surgeons, ophthalmologists, dermatologists, and internists.

THE EDITORS

LESLIE C. SHARKEY, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVP (CLINICAL PATHOLOGY), is a Professor in the Department of Clinical Sciences at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University in North Grafton, MA, USA.

M. JUDITH RADIN, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVP (CLINICAL PATHOLOGY), is a Professor Emerita in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences at the College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, in Columbus, OH, USA.

DAVIS SEELIG, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVP (CLINICAL PATHOLOGY), is an Associate Professor in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine in St. Paul, MN, USA.

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

List of Contributors xv

List of Abbreviations xxiii

Part I Basic Cytology Techniques1

1 Sample Collection 3Kari L. Anderson, Angela Gwynn, Carrie A. Wood, and Leslie C. Sharkey

2 Routine Stains and Automated Stainers 12Harold Tvedten

3 Microbiologic Review of Cytology Samples 18Erin N. Burton, Sharon M. Dial, and Leslie C. Sharkey

4 Evidence-Based Cytology 30Laura Adhikari

5 General Approach to Diagnostic Cytology 35Jed Overmann

Part II Quality Control and Special Laboratory Techniques41

6 Quality Assurance in Cytology 43Liron Pantanowitz

7 Special Staining Techniques: Application and Quality Assurance 47Kelly S. Santangelo, Deanna M.W. Schaefer, Sarah E. Leavell, and Heather L. Priest

8 Cell Block Preparation Techniques and Applications in Veterinary Medicine 73Koranda A. Walsh and Reema T. Patel

9 Molecular Clonality Testing 79Davis Seelig and Anne C. Avery

10 Cytogenetics 85Matthew Breen

Part III Skin and Subcutis95

11 Inflammatory Diseases of the Skin 97Sandra Diaz and M. Judith Radin

12 Dermal and Subcutaneous Masses 115Jennifer L. Brazzell, Daniel Heinrich, and Jillian Zientek Walz

13 Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors 138Maxey L. Wellman and Cheryl London

14 Plasma Cell Tumors 151Maxey L. Wellman and William C. Kisseberth

15 Melanoma 158Helen Michael

16 Soft Tissue Sarcomas 166Jennifer D. Steinberg and John Keating

Part IV Ear and Eye177

17 Ear Cytology 179Susan Lowum, Sandra Nogueira Koch, and Leslie C. Sharkey

18 Collection of Ophthalmic Cytology Specimens 184Michala de Linde Henriksen and Christine C. Lim

19 Ocular Cytology of the Dog 188Cathy Trumel, Jean-Yves Douet, and Fanny Granat

20 Ocular Cytology of the Cat 205Christine C. Lim and Jennifer L. Brazzell

21 Ocular Cytology of the Horse 222Michala de Linde Henriksen and Leslie C. Sharkey

Part V Musculoskeletal System241

22 Muscle 243Catherine J. Benson

23 Bone and Periarticular Structures 249Jessica Lawrence and Elspeth Milne

Part VI Respiratory System259

24 Upper Respiratory Tract of the Dog and Cat 261Janet Beeler-Marfisi, Alice Defarges Bichot, and Dorothee Bienzle

25 Lower Respiratory Tract of the Dog and Cat 281Alice Defarges Bichot and Dorothee Bienzle

26 Respiratory Cytology of the Horse 302Melissa Dawn Meachem and Julia Bettina Montgomery

Part VII Hemolymphatic System317

27 Lymph Nodes 319Stefano Comazzi, Luca Aresu, Jenna H. Burton, and Paul R. Avery

28 Spleen 342Davis Seelig

29 Thymus 352Cleverson D. Souza and Meredeth Crandall McEntire

Part VIII Gastrointestinal Tract359

30 Oral Cavity 361Jill Schappa Faustich, Kevin S. Stepaniuk, Nicholas A. Robinson, and Cesar Piedra-Mora

31 Esophagus and Stomach 380Marian Taulescu, Irina Amorim, and Robert Washabau

32 Intestines and Rectum 394Ugo Bonfanti

33 Fecal Cytology 407Cathy Trumel and Olivier Dossin

Part IX Liver and Pancreas411

34 Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Liver 413Carlo Masserdotti

35 Hepatobiliary Neoplasia and Cancer Staging 432Charles E. Wiedmeyer and Jeff Bryan

36 Pancreas 445Leslie C. Sharkey and Sarah Crain

Part X Urinary Tract455

37 Kidney 457Camille A. McAloney and Leslie C. Sharkey

38 Urinary Bladder 466Joyce S. Knoll and Mary Anna Labato

39 Urine Cytology 480Nicole M. Weinstein

Part XI Reproductive Tract499

40 Testes, Ovaries, and Prostate 501Francisco de Oliveira Conrado and Sally E. Henderson

41 Evaluation of Semen 531Scott Madill and Margaret V. Root Kustritz

42 Vaginal Cytology in the Bitch and Queen 552Margaret V. Root Kustritz

43 Uterine Cytology 559Paula M. Krimer and Doris M. Miller

44 Mammary Gland 582Natalie Hoepp

Part XII Endocrine595

45 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 597M. Judith Radin and Maxey L. Wellman

46 Adrenal Gland 608Walter Bertazzolo

Part XIII Central Nervous System617

47 Central Nervous System Neoplasia in the Dog and Cat 619Diana Schwartz, William Vernau, and Karen M. Vernau

48 Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in the Dog and Cat 638Marlyn S. Whitney and Joan Ripley Coates

49 Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Horses and Large Animals 655Eric J. Fish and Joseph J. Bertone

Part XIV Fluid Analysis665

50 Laboratory Techniques for Fluid Analysis 667Linda M. Vap and Wendy S. Sprague

51 Pericardial Fluid 687Shelley Burton and Etienne Côté

52 Abdominal and Thoracic Fluid Analysis in Dogs and Cats 695Mary Anna Thrall

53 Abdominal and Thoracic Fluid Analysis in Horses 713Emma Hooijberg and Catriona Lyle

54 Synovial Fluid Analysis of the Dog and Cat 727R. Darren Wood and Thomas Gibson

55 Synovial Fluid Analysis of the Horse 736R. Darren Wood and Judith Koenig

Part XV Species Specific Cytology745

56 Exotic Companion Mammals 747Courtney Johnson, Kyle Lauren Webb, Jennifer Graham, and Leslie C. Sharkey

57 Rabbit 766Laurie Millward

58 Cattle 782Amy L. Weeden, K. Lisa Hulme-Moir, and Julie Tomlinson

59 Camelids 800Susan J. Tornquist, Christopher K. Cebra, and Michala de Linde Henriksen

60 Nonhuman Primates 809Mark A. Suckow, Jodi A. Scholz, and Kirstin F. Barnhart

61 Reptiles and Birds 828Nicole I. Stacy, Helene Pendl, and Peter M. Wencel

62 Amphibians 869Allan P. Pessier

63 Fish 876Charlotte Hollinger and Alisa L. Newton

64 Invertebrates 921Charlotte Hollinger and Nicole I. Stacy

65 Sheep and Goats 929Emma Hooijberg, Thomas Jenei, and Leslie C. Sharkey

Part XVI Applications of Cytology in Industry937

66 Cytological Evaluation in Biomedical Research and Toxicity Studies 939Florence Poitout-Belissent, Michelle Cora, and Angela Wilcox

Index 964