The post-genomic era has brought new challenges and opportunities in all fields of the biology. In this context, several genome engineering technologies have emerged that will help deciphering genes function by as well as improve gene therapy strategies. Genomic modifications such as knock-in, knock-out, knock-down, sequence replacement or modification can today be routinely performed. However, in front of this large palette of methodologies scientists may experience difficulties to gather useful informations scattered within the literature. This book aims to present the state of this field from basic mechanisms of site-directed modifications to their applications in a wide range of organisms such as bacteria, yeast, plants, insects, mammals. It will discuss the problems encountered when using the random integration strategy and present the recent advances made in targeted genome modification. Technologies based on Zinc Finger nucleases, Meganucleases, TALEN, CRE and FLP recombinase, C31 integrase, transposases and resolvases are fully detailed with their strengths and weaknesses. All these informations will help students and experienced researchers to understand and choose the best technology for their own purposes.

Preface.- Section 1: Sitedirected integration of transgenes.- 1 Transgene site-specific integration : troubles and solutions.- 2 :  Designing non-viral targetd integrating vectors for genome enginnering in vertebrates.- 3: Gene targeting and homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae4: Eucaryotic homologous recombination in mammalian cells.- 5 Engineered Zinc Finger Nucleases for Targeted Genome Editing .- 6: Engineered meganucleases for genome engineering purposes.- Section3: Integration based on Site-specific recombination.- 7 : Cre/loxP, Flp/FRT systems and pluripotent stem cell lines.- 8 : Site-specific recombination using C31 Integrase.- 9 : Modified transposases used for site-directed insertion of transgenes.- 10 : Targeted Plasmid Integration into the Human Genome by Engineered Recombinases.- 11: Gene site-specific insertion in plants.- 12 Site-directed insertion of transgenes in Drosophila.- 13. Nuclease Mediated Targeted Genome Modification in Mammalian Cells.- 14: Bio-applications derived from site-directed genome modification technologies.