This volume asks, what is it like to be a child in a country where 25% of the population is under the age of 14? Handling this question through a multidisciplinary lens, the book provides a rich and diverse analysis of different portrayals of childhood in Turkey. From childrens rights to transformation of childhood, from refugee children to host country children living in armed conflict areas, from cultural factors to gene-environment interaction, from parent-focused to child-focused programs, readers will find in-depth and up-to-date information about children living in Turkey from the perspectives of sociology, education, and psychology sciences.

Hilal H. en received her Ph.D. degree in developmental psychology from Koç University in Istanbul, Turkey. Hilal H. en is an assistant professor of psychology at MEF University in Istanbul. She is currently working at the University of Akureyri, Iceland. Her research focuses on moral development and active learning in childhood in peer-peer and parent-child interactions. 

Helaine Selin was a Faculty Associate and Science Librarian at Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA, from which she retired in 2012. She is the editor of the Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (3rd ed. Springer 2016) and eight books in Springers Science Across Cultures series, on Astronomy, Mathematics, Medicine, Nature, Childbirth, Parenting, Happiness and Death.

1. The Rights of the Child in Turkey (Baak Baolu & Kadir Berk Kapanc).- 2. From Research to Policy Implementation: An Overview of Child Well-Being Studies in Turkey (Pnar Uyan-Semerci & Emre Erdoan).- 3. Child Labor in Turkey: An Overview (Pnar Uyan Semerci & Emre Erdoan).- 4. The Construction of Childhood as a Political and Educational Category in Modern Turkey (Mehmet Toran & Ziya Toprak).- 5. Transformation of Childhood in the Education System (Mine Göl-Güven).- 6. Challenges of Syrian Refugee Children in the Turkish Education System: Pathways to Inclusive Education (Ula Sunata & Aye Beyazova).- 7. A Social Justice-Oriented Analysis of Refugee Childrens Educational Experiences in Turkey (Sultan Kilinc & Elif Karsli-Calamak).- 8. Children and Politics in Turkey: Role-playing, Unchilding, Victimization (Nazan Maksudyan).- 9. Mechanisms Linking Prenatal Environment and Child Development: The case of BABIP birth cohort from Turkey (Elif Aysimi Duman).- 10. How Children in Turkey Use Digital Media: Factors Related to Children, Parents, and their Home Environment (Berna A. Uzundag , Cansu Oranç , Dilara Keafolu & Merve Nur Altundal).- 11. Cultural Factors in the Development of Childrens Socioemotional Competence (brahim H. Acar & evval Nur Yal).- 12. Development of Social and Moral Judgments in the Turkish Context (Melike Acar).- 13. Mental State Understanding in Turkey: Findings on the Development of the Theory of Mind from a Turkish Context (Müge Ekerim-Akbulut).- 14. Children's Psychological Wellbeing under Armed Conflict: Findings from the East of Turkey (Buket Kara & Bilge Selcuk).- 15. Experience of Early Childhood Care and Education in Turkey (A. Beyza Ate & Hande Sodac).- 16. Scientific Thinking in Young Children: Development, Culture, and Education (Özgün Köksal).- 17. Narrative Competence in relation to SES-second Language Interaction in Turkey (Asl Aktan-Erciyes & Hale Ögel-Balaban).- 18. Content, Functions, and Cultural Bases of Parent-Child Memory Conversations (Basak Sahin-Acar & Nur Elibol-Pekaslan).- 19. ISTANBUL95: An Early Childhood Initiative to Improve Child Development (Feyza Çorapç , Serra Müderrisolu , Hande Sart ,& Nihal Yeniad).- 20. Risk Factors for Childs Attachment Security and Positive Effects of Circle of Security Parenting (COS-P) Intervention on Mothers Mental Health (Gizem Arikan & Asiye Kumru).- 21. Bullying Prevention in Turkish Schools: Evaluation of the ViSC Program (Aysun Doan , Sevgi T.Aytekin & Dagmar Strohmeier).- 22. I am Learning to Protect Myself with Mika: Child Sexual Abuse and Prevention Efforts in Turkey (Türkan Ylmaz Irmak & Rukiye Kzltepe).