This book adopts a sociolinguistic perspective to trace the origins and enduring significance of hip-hop as a global tool of resistance to oppression. The contributors, who represent a range of international perspectives, analyse how hip-hop is employed to express dissatisfaction and dissent relating to such issues as immigration, racism, stereotypes and post-colonialism. Utilising a range of methodological approaches, they shed light on diverse hip-hop cultures and practices around the world, highlighting issues of relevance in the different countries from which their research originates. Together, the authors expand on current global understandings of hip-hop, language and culture, and underline its immense power as a form of popular culture through which the disenfranchised and oppressed can gain and maintain a voice. This thought-provoking edited collection is a must-read for scholars and students of linguistics, race studies and political activism, and for anyone with an interestin hip-hop.

Andrew S. Ross is a lecturer at Southern Cross University, Queensland, Australia. He has published in the area of emotions and motivation in language learning, and language and new media.Damian J. Rivers is an associate professor at Future University Hakodate, Hokkaid, Japan. He has co-edited several books, includingResistance to the Known: Counter-Conduct in Language Education (2015, Palgrave Macmillan).

Chapter 1: The Linguistic and Lyrical Development of 2Pac in Relation to Regional Hip-Hop Identity and Conflict.- Chapter 2: Dimensions of Dissatisfaction and Dissent in Contemporary German Rap: Social Marginalization, Politics, and Identity Formation.- Chapter 3: 77% of Aussies are Racist Intersections of Politics and Hip-Hop in Australia.- Chapter 4: Where is the Love? White Nationalist Discourse on Hip Hop.- Chapter 5: "Who's afraid of the Dark?": The Ironic Self-Stereotype of the Ethnic Other in Finnish Rap Music.- Chapter 6: How the Financial Crisis Changed Hip Hop.- Chapter 7: Dissatisfaction and Dissent in the Transmodal Performances of Hip Hop Artists in Mongolia.- Chapter 8: Counter-Hegemonic Linguistic Ideologies and Practices in Brazilian Indigenous Rap.- Chapter 9: The Death of Dissent and the Decline of Dissin': A Diachronic Study of Race, Gender, and Genre in Mainstream American Rap.