Environmental sustainability and development is of critical importance. Technological advances in the production of new energy sources are making their way into our lives in more and more depth every day. However, there is an urgent need to address the technological challenges and advancement of the various chemical and bio-processes to maintain the dynamic sustainability of our energy needs. Toward that end, an attempt is being made to look at recent advances, key issues still faced and where possible, offer suggestions on alternative technologies to optimize sustainable processes. Still considered a new area of science, energy sources themselves are still being 'discovered'...meaning, what is financially viable in the current marketplace is changing. For example, energy from plants has not been financially viable in the past because of the high cost of growing, harvesting, breaking down cell walls, disposal of waste products, etc. Materials used to derive energy from sustainable resources is changing, making previously high-cost processes more efficient. It is crucial that the industry as a while works in tandem to develop crops that new technological advances make financially feasible. This book will cover recent advances in the chemicals, bioprocesses and other materials used in growing and extracting energy from sustainable products. Membrane/cell wall digestion issues will also be covered as well as recovering mamixal amounts of energy from sources to limit waste. Finally a section on safety and control will be presented with has been poorly covered in other publications.

Dr. Ravindra works on Bio-energy and Biofuels. He is a Professor at the School of Engineering and Information Technology at University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia. He received his PhD in Biotechnology from Cornell University. His research interests include Biofuels, wealth from waste, and bioprocess engineering. His research group focuses on Bio-derived energy for sustainable development. Dr. Awang Bono and Associate Professor Dr. Christopher Chu both work at the same University studying the same systems.

Preface.- Coagulation/Flocculation Of Anaerobically Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Anpome): A Review.- Dewaterability Of Anaerobic Digested Sludge With Cations And Chitosan As Dual-Conditioners.- Optimization Study On Bioethanol Production From The Fermentation Of Oil Palm Trunk Sap As Agricultural Waste.- Effect Of Isolated Mesophilic Bacterial Consortium On The Composting Process Of Pressed-Shredded Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunch.- Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (Abe) Fermentation From Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Clostridium Acetobutylicum.- Initial Study Of Thermophilic Hydrogen Production From Raw Palm Oil Mill Effluent(Pome) Using Mixed Microflora.- Production Of Cellulases By Aspergillus Sp. Gdx02 In A Solid-State Fermentation Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch.- Acclimatization Process Of Microorganisms From Activated Sludge In Kenaf-Retting Wastewater.- Construction Of Asmc By Dielectrophoresis Using Wirecloth Electrode For The Treatment Of Wastewater.- Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Waste Chicken Fats Using Zeolite Catalysts.- Investigation Of Pyrolysis Parameters On The Yield And Quality Of Bio-Oil From Jatropha Curcas Wastes.- Electrochemical Oxidation Of Pahs In Aqueous Solution.- Sonocatalytic Degradation Of Acid Red Dye In Water Using Fe Doped Tio2 Deposited On H-Y Catalyst.- Investigation On The Effect Of Phosphoric Acid On Rate Of Oil And Solid Separation In Palm Oil Mill Clarifier.- Polyester Thin Film Composite Nanofiltration (Nf) Membranes Prepared By Interfacial Polymerization Technique For Removal Of Humic Acid.- Adsorption Of Lead Ions From Aqueous Solution Onto Activated Carbon.- Review: Pre-Treatments And Fermentation Of Seaweed For Bioethanol Production.- Assessment On Bioavailability Of Flavonoids From Orthosiphon Stamineus During Spray Drying.- A Chimney Of Low Height To Diameter Ratio For Solar Crops Dryer.- Thermal Denaturation Kinetics Of Whey Protein And Maltodextrin Mixture.- Production Of Amylase By Immobilized Bacillus Subtilis In Polymeric Polyhipe Matrix.- Production Of Extracellular 5-Aminolevulinic Acid By Rhodopseudomonas Palustris In Solid State Fermentation.- Experimental Investigation Of Combustion Behaviour Of Flash Pyrolysis Oil.- Identification Of Tetrathionate Hydrolase From Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans, An Enzyme Responsible For Enzymatic Devulcanisation Of Waste Rubber Products.- Cross Linked Lipase In Hybrid Matrix For Biodiesel Production From Crude Jatropha Curcas Oil.- Culture Conditions For Optimal Growth Of Actinomycetes From Marine Sponges.- Genetic Algorithm Based Optimisation For Exothermic Batch Process.- Q-Learning Based Controller For Fed-Batch Yeast Fermentation .- In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bermuda) Against Selected Pathogens.- Extraction Of Glucose From Kenaf Core Using Mild Acid Treatment.- Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficients In An Ultrasound Irradiated Extraction Of Iota-Carrageenan.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Of Black Peppers Bioactive Compounds: Solubility And Mass Transfer.- Comparative Study Of Cellulose Extraction Processes From Palm Kernel Cake.- Screening And Separation Of Industrially Useful Hydrolases From The Wasteful Skim Latex Serum Of Hevea Brasiliensis.- Study Of H2s Removal Efficiency Of Virgin Zeolite In Pome Biogas Desulfurization At Ambient Temperature And Pressure.- Investigation Of Alternative For Bleaching Earth In Palm Oil Processing.- A Brief Review On Photoanode, Electrolyte And Photocathode Materials For Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Based On Natural Dye Photosensitizers.- The Influences Of Dope Composition On Gas Permeance Of Hollow Fiber Carbon Membrane.- Effect Of The Pyrolysis Soaking Time On Co2 Separation Of Polyetherimide/Polyethylene Glycol Based Cms Membranes.- Performance Of Particleboard With Palm Kernel Cake As Filler.- Starch Based Biofilms For Green Packaging.- Influence Of Potassium Hydroxide Concentration On The Carrageenan Functional Group Composition.- Effect Of 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (Mpa) OnPolymerization Of Thermo-Responsive Poly N-Isopropylacrylamide.- Preparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbon Derived From Waste Rubber Tire Via Chemical Activation With Zncl2: Surface Area And Morphological Studies.- The Effects Of Kaolin/Pesf Ratios On The Microstructures Of Kaolin Hollow-Tubes.- On The Alloying Reaction In Synthesis Of Niti Shape Memory Alloy In Solid State.- Gfrp  Composite  Material  Degradation  Under  Seawater And Weathering Effect.- Index.