In an era of globalization, internationalization of higher education (IHE) has been constructed as an almost inevitable trend and has become a common pursuit of many nations in their higher education (HE) policies. This book focuses on two nations, China and Australia, in terms of this trend. The broadest aim of this book was to find out the interactive relationships between global and national pressures in policy development by comparing the international HE policies in China and Australia. The three categories, overarching meta-policies at the macrolevel (nation), institution focused policies at the mesolevel (universities), and people focused policies at the microlevel (individuals) are documented and analyzed. Similarities and differences are identified. Similarities include promoting and deepening IHE as one important agenda in national policies at the macrolevel in the two nations, promoting transnational cooperation in the provision of HE at the mesolevel, as well as increasinginternational student numbers and encouraging an outflow of student learning and exchanges at the microlevel. Differences include Chinas soft power initiatives and Australias appeal for the sustainability of international HE as a national priority in the area of IHE at the macrolevel; the focus on World Class Universities construction in China and strengthening the overall HE system in Australia; and different issues in relation to people mobility and brain circulationspecifically, encouraging more outflow of students and attracting more inflow of talents and international students in China, and over-reliance on international students financially in Australia. It is suggested that different responses to the global trends reflect the specificities of each nation and the ways path-dependent factors mediate global pressures. This comparison will facilitate a better understanding of how globalization has affected and been responded to in IHE policies and enable a better understandingof their path-dependent mediation through a focus on two specific sets of national policies.

Dr. Hong got her Ph.D. degree from the University of Queensland, Australia in 2018. Her Ph.D. thesis was awarded N V Varghese Prize for Comparative Education in the same year. Now, she is a lecturer at the School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. Her research area focuses on the internationalization of higher education, international student mobility and higher education policy. Her work was published in several well-known international peer-reviewed journals, such as Higher Education, Studies in Higher Education and Higher Education Research& Development, etc.

Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Literature Review, theoretical framework and methodology.- Chapter 3: Macro-Lens of IHE: National Rationales, Objectives and Strategic Priorities in Australia and China.- Chapter 4: Meso-Lens of IHE: Collaboration and Competition between Universities in Australia and China.- Chapter 5: Micro-Lens of IHE: Inflow and Outflow Mobility of People in Australia and China.- Chapter 6: Internationalizing HE with National Characteristics.- Chapter 7: Conclusion.