This book brings together reviews from international experts who are exploring the biological activities of nanomaterials for medical applications or to better understand nanotoxicity. Topics include but are not limited to the following: 1) mechanistic understanding of nanostructure-bioactivity relationships; 2) the regulation of nanoparticles bioactivity by means of chemical modification; 3) the new methodologies and standard methods used to assess nanoparticles bioactivity; 4) the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions and nanoparticle-cell interactions; and 5) biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The book will be a valuable resource for a broad readership in various subfields of chemical science, engineering, biology, environment, and medicine.

Bing Yan received his Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in 1990 and pursued postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge, U.K., and University of Texas Medical School in Houston from 1990 to 1993. From 1993 to 2005 he worked in the drug discovery field at Novartis, DPI, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. He was a Full Member of St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, from 2007 to 2012, and has been Cheung Kong Scholar Professor at Shandong University, China, since 2005. He served as associate editor of the Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry published by the American Chemical Society from 2005 to 2012 and is currently associate editor of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety and of NanoImpact. He has published 11 books and more than 220 peer-reviewed papers.

Hongyu Zhou is a professor at Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. He received his Ph.D. degree in Medicinal Chemistry from Shandong University, China, in 2009. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Chemical Biology& Therapeutics at St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital in Memphis, TN from 2009 to 2012 and in the Department of Surgery at Emory University from 2012 to 2016. His research focuses on development of novel surface-modified nanoparticle combinatorial libraries to regulate the biological properties of nanoparticles and nanoparticle-based drug delivery, cancer therapy, and imaging systems.

Dr. Jorge Gardea-Torresdey is the Dudley Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering and professor of Chemistry at The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). He received his PhD from New Mexico State University in 1988. His current research is funded by the US NIH, DOE, EPA, USDA, and the NSF. He has authored over 410 publications and issued 5 US patents for environmental remediation. Dr. Gardea received the 2015 Distinguished Alumni Award from New Mexico State University, the 2009 SACNAS Distinguished Scientist of the Year Award, and the 2012 Piper Professor Award, the most prestigious honor conferred to a Professor in the State of Texas. He was editor of the Journal of Hazardous Materials from 2007 to 2010 and is now associate editor of ES&T.

The toxicity of nanoparticles to algae.- Terrestrial nanotoxicology: Evaluating the nano-biointeractions in vascular plants.- Effects of Surface Coating on the Bioactivity of Metal-based Engineered Nanoparticles: Lessons Learned from Higher Plants.- Nanoparticles-Induced Oxidative Stress.- The Interactions between Engineered Nano-materials and Biomolecules.- Surface Engineering: Incorporation of Bioactive Compound.- Riboflavin-Conjugated Multivalent Dendrimer Platform for Cancer-Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery.- Nanomaterials in Cancer Theranostics.- Pluronic Nanotechnology for Overcoming Drug Resistance.- Silver Nanoparticles in Natural Environment: Formation, Fate, and Toxicity.- Experimental Research into Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity in Vivo.- Hepatic Injuries Induced by Engineered Nanomaterials.- Silicon Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Bio-Applications.- Quantitative Nanostructure-Activity Relation-ships: Methods, Case Studies, and Perspectives.