This collection of arresting and innovative chapters applies the techniques of anthropology in analyzing the role played by Islam in the social lives of the worlds Muslims. The volume begins with an introduction that sets out a powerful case for a fresh approach to this kind of research, exhorting anthropologists to pause and reflect on when Islam is, and is not, a central feature of their informants life-worlds and identities. The chapters that follow are written by scholars with long-term, specialist research experience in Muslim societies ranging from Kenya to Pakistan and from Yemen to China: thus they explore and compare Islams social significance in a variety of settings that are not confined to the Middle East or South Asia alone. The authors assess how helpful current anthropological research is in shedding light on Islams relationship to contemporary societies. Collectively, the contributors deploy both theoretical and ethnographic analysis of key developments in the anthropology of Islam over the last 30 years, even as they extrapolate their findings to address wider debates over the anthropology of world religions more generally. Crucially, they also tackle the thorny question of how, in the current political context, anthropologists might continue conducting sensitive and nuanced work with Muslim communities. Finally, an afterword by a scholar of Christianity explores the conceptual parallels between the books key themes and the anthropology of world religions in a broader context. This volume has key contemporary relevance: for example, its conclusions on the fluidity of peoples relations with Islam will provide an important counterpoint to many commonly held assumptions about the incontestability of Islam in the public sphere.

Magnus Marsden is Senior Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the School of Oriental and African Studies. He was previously a Research Fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge and Graduate Officer in Research at the Centre of South Asian Studies, University of Cambridge (2002-2007). He has conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, and is the author of Living Islam: Muslim Religious Experience in Pakistans North-West Frontier Province (Cambridge, 2005), and with Benjamin Hopkins Fragments of the Afghan Frontier (Hurst, 2011). Konstantinos Retsikas is a lecturer in the Anthropology of South East Asia at the School of Oriental and African Studies. He has conducted fieldwork in East Java, Indonesia and his publications include articles in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Indonesia and the Malay World, and South East Asia Research.

Introduction.-Magnus Marsden& Konstantinos Retsikas.- Shurafâ as cosmopolitans: Islam, genealogy and hierarchy in the Central SaharaJudith Scheele.- Death and the spirit of patriarchy in western IndiaEdward Simpson.-. On the skills to navigate the world, and religion, for coastal Muslims in KenyaKai Kresse.-Beyond Islam: tradition and the intelligibility of experienceJohan Rasanayagam.-Becoming sacred: humanity and divinity in East Java, IndonesiaKonstantinos Retsikas.- Self-similarity and its perilsGabriele vom Bruck.-The universal and the particular in rural Xinjiang: ritual commensality and the mosque communityChris Hann.- Apolitical "Islamisation"? On the limits of religiosity in montane MoroccoMatthew Carey.- Integrity and commitment in the anthropology of IslamMorgan Clarke.- Fieldwork in Pakistan and Afghanistan comparedMagnus Marsden.-11.Afterword: De-exceptionalising IslamSimon Coleman.