The population and housing census provides, at regular intervals, information on the number and characteristics of the population of a Country, and on its housing stock. It is an essential source of information for small-area, national, regional and International planning and development. This publication reviews the practices followed by countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia in the population and housing censuses of the 2010 round (taken between 2009 and 2014). The aim is to compare the different approaches and practices adopted among these countries as well as with those in other countries in Europe and North America. and to assess the compliance with the "Conference of European Statisticians recommendations for the 2010 censuses of population and housing". The publication reports that, in contrast to the diverging methodologies being adopted elsewhere throughout the UNECE region, the censuses carried in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia have continued to follow the long-standing approach of entire field enumeration. The publication reviews in detail how the different countries collected information on the various population and housing census topics, highlighting similarities and differences, and providing useful information for users of census data and planners of future censuses.