While it has become fashionable in the arena of international health to think about health systems, the theoretical underpinning of Niklas Luhmann's vast and productive theory has been given too little consideration in the field. It is rich in concepts that can facilitate a fuller understanding of what health systems are. João Costa applies these concepts and shows the analytical possibilities they open up. He argues concisely how Luhmann's Social Systems Theory offers an integrated theoretical body as well as a consistent articulation of concepts that can lay the groundwork for a vastly improved health systems thinking.

João Costa is a public health specialist and health economist. He has a doctorate degree from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He has around 40 years of work experience in development projects aiming at strengthening health systems in several countries. His professional and contractual relations included links with academic institutions, consultancy companies, international development banks, international development agencies, and others. Currently, he works as independent consultant.