Type 1 diabetes mellitus, an immune-mediated complex chronic metabolic disorder of multiple unknown aetiology, is a worldwide life-threatening serious and complex lifelong health condition, which results in substantial morbidity and mortality despite great advances in disease control and treatment interventions. There are indications that the destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta cells may result from a series of unfavourable interactions between environmental factors over a limited period in genetically susceptible individuals. To minimise the increasing occurrence of the disease through proposing safe and inexpensive preventative interventions of the disease, this seven chapters book is directed at improving the understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of the disease by participating in identifying potential primary environmental triggering factors. Obviously, the health care system is a vital element in every society to maintain peoples health of the highest standard.