Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: A, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, course: Maritime Logistics and Supply Chain Management, language: English, abstract: This literature review investigates horizontal collaboration initiatives of ports andterminals. It includes the identification of concepts, drivers, benefits and barriers.Moreover, it examines how collaboration initiatives can be managed effectively.The study shows that ports and terminals collaborate in the field of marketing andbusiness development, operations, administrative, regulatory and spin-off.Organizations are forced to collaborate by following drivers: Bargaining power ofshipping lines, increased efficiency in sea-transport and hinterland-connections, aswell as increased requirements of shippers and shipping lines.The benefits of collaborating can be classified in the sections efficiency / costreduction, knowledge and competency, positioning of the company, as well asmarketing and service benefits. Social benefits and green benefits have also beendiscovered.The main barriers are anti-competition regulations and discrepancies betweenpartners, strategic fit and different interests.The top three factors of effective collaboration management are regular face to facemeetings, integration of information and trust.All in all this literature review makes several contributions to the rarely availableliterature of horizontal collaboration in the maritime port and terminal industry.