Presenting a wide variety of methods, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state -- ranging from bioanalysis to electrochemical sensing, forensics and chemistry, while also covering the toxicity aspects of nanomaterials to humans and the environment. Edited by rising stars in the field, the first section on biological analysis includes an investigation of nanoparticles and micro- and nanofluidic systems, while the second, environmental analysis, looks at the detection, monitoring, and sensing of explosives as well as pollutants, among other topics. The final part covers such advanced methods as the synthesis and characterization of gold nanorods. For analytical chemists, materials scientists, chemists working in trace analysis, and spectroscopists.

Dr. David Pierce received his bachelor's degree in Chemistry at McGill University in 1985 and his Ph. D. in Analytical Chemistry in 1991 at the University of Vermont. Following post-doctorial work at the University of Texas - Austin and a short research exchange at the Technical University in Budapest, he joined the University of North Dakota in 1992, where he currenly serves as Professor and Chair of the Chemistry Department. Dr. Pierce has authored more than 60 assorted works in areas of microchemical and electrochemical analysis. His current research isfocused on the development of ultrasensitive analytical methodsto determine trace elements in environmental matracies. Dr. Jullia Xiaojun Zhao is a tenured faculty member in the Department of Chemistry at the University of North Dakota. She has worked in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology for ten years. She has authored for more than 50 publications and holds three patents. Currently, she is serving on editorial boards of four international scientific journals, and is the Principle Investigator for three US National Science Foundation awards. Dr. Zhao's research group is focused on the development of various photosensitive nanomaterials and applications of these nanomaterials in biological studies. In addition, Dr. Zhao is interested in the development of nanocatalysts for efficient energy conversion. Currently she is involved in projects from the design and synthesis of novel nanoparticles, to the investigation of toxicity of nanomaterials to living system and the development of nanosensors for trace analysis.

Preface PART I: Biological and Chemical Analysis PHOTOSWITCHABLE NANOPROBES FOR BIOLOGICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS Introduction Photoswitchable Fluorescent Nanoprobes Photoswitchable Manetic Nanoparticles Future Perspectives APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS IN CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Introduction History Classifications Characteristics Synthesis and Surface Chemistry Trace Analysis Using Quantum Dots Summary NANOMATERIAL-BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS AND BIOASSAYS Introduction Nanomaterial Labels Used in Electrochemical Biosensors and Bioassays Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Devices for Point-of-Care Diagnosis Conclusions CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING BY ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN NANOMATERIALS Introduction Electron Transport through Metal Nanoparticles Sensing Applications Based on Electron Transport in Nanoparticle Assemblies Concluding Remarks MICRO- AND NANOFLUIDIC SYSTEMS FOR TRACE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES Introduction Nucleic Acid Analysis Protein Analysis Microfluidic Devices for Single-Cell Analysis Conclusion PART II: Environmental Analysis MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER SUBMICRON PARTICLES TAILORED FOR EXTRACTION OF TRACE ESTROGENS IN WATER Introduction Principle of Molecular Recognition by Imprinting Analytical Application of MIPs for Biopharmaceuticals and Toxins Preparation of MIP Submicron Particles Binding Properties of MIP Submicron Particles with E2 Trace Analysis of E2 in Wastewater Treatment Current Progress Recent Advances in MIP Technology for Continuing Development TRACE DETECTION OF HIGH EXPLOSIVES WITH NANOMATERIALS Introduction Techniques for Trace Detection of High Explosives Conclusions NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR SELECTIVE COLLECTION OF TRACE-LEVEL METALS FROM AQUEOUS SYSTEMS Introduction Sorbents for Trace-Metal Collection and Analysis: Relevant Figures of Merit Thiol-Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Silica for Heavy Metal Collection Surface-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Capture and Detection Nanoporous Carbon Based Sorbent Materials Other Nanostructured Sorbent Materials Concluding Thoughts SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS OF TiO2-BASED NANOMATERIALS Introduction Synthesis of TiO2 Nanostructures Applications of TiO2-Based Nanomaterials for Chemical Analysis Conclusions NANOMATERIALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: THE GOOD; THE BAD, AND THE UGLY Introduction The Good: Nanomaterials for Environmental Sensing The Bad: Environmental Fate of Nanomaterials The Ugly: Detection of Nanomaterials in the Environment Conclusions PART III: Advanced Methods and Materials ELECTROANALYTICAL MEASUREMENTS AT ELECTRODES MODIFIED WITH METAL NANOPARTICLES Introduction Modification of Electrodes with Nanoparticles Geometric Factors in Electrocatalysis by Nanoparticles Analytical Applications of Electrodes Modified with Metal Nanoparticles Conclusions SINGLE MOLECULE AND SINGLE EVENT NANOELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Introduction Basic Concepts Single-Molecule Electrochemistry Single-Nanoparticle Electrochemical Detection Nanoelectrodes for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection and High-Resolution Imaging Electrochemical Detection in Nanodomains of Biological Systems Localized Delivery and Imaging by Using Single Nanopipette-Based Conductance Techniques ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF BLOCK COPOLYMER-DERIVED NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES Introduction Monolithic Membranes Containing Arrays of Cylindrical Nanoscale Pores BCP-Derived Monoliths Containing Arrays of Cylindrical Nanopores Surface Functionalization of BCP-Derived Cylindrical Nanopores Investigation of the Permeation of Molecules through BCP-Derived Nanoporous Monoliths and their Analytical Applications Conclusions SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF GOLD NANORODS Introduction Au Nanorod Synthesis Signal Enhancement Applications of Au Nanorods in Trace Analysis Applications of Au Nanorods in Other Fields Conclusions