This book explores how NGOs have been influential in shaping global biodiversity, conservation policy, and practice. It encapsulates a growing body of literature that has questioned the mandates, roles, and effectiveness of these organizationsand the critique of these critics. This volume seeks to nurture an open conversation about contemporary NGO practices through analysis and engagement.

Peter Bille Larsen is an anthropologist with two decades of experience in global conservation research and practice. He teaches sustainable development, environmental anthropology, and international governance at the University of Lucerne, Switzerland. Dan Brockington directs the Sheffield Institute of International Development at the University of Sheffield, UK. His research covers conservation, agricultural change, and celebrity, entailing fieldwork in remote parts of East Africa and offices in large cities. 

1. Introduction: Rethinking the Boundaries of Conservation NGOs.- 2. "The Good, the Bad, the Ugly, and the Dirty Harrys of Conservation": Revisiting the Anthropology of Conservation NGOs.- 3. Anthropology of Conservation NGOs: Learning from a Sectoral Approach to the Study of NGOs.- 4. Business, Biodiversity and New "Fields" of Conservation: The World Conservation Congress and the Renegotiation of Organisational Order.- 5. The Strategies and Effectiveness of Conservation NGOs in the Global Voluntary Standards: The Case of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm-oil.- 6. Investigating Consistency of a Pro-Market Perspective Amongst Conservationists.- 7. Conservation Jujutsu, or How Conservation NGOs Use Market Forces to Save Nature from Markets in Southern Chile.- 8. Strength and Limitations of Conservation NGOs in Meeting Local Needs: The Case of REDD+ in Nigeria.- 9. Misreading the Conservation Landscape.