Josephine A. Mauskopf, PhD, MHA, MA Josephine Mauskopf is Vice President of Health Economics at RTI Health Solutions. She has been on the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Board of Directors and was co-chair of the first and second ISPOR Task Force for budget-impact analysis. Dr. Mauskopf was Department Head of Economics Research at Burroughs Wellcome Co. and Director of Pharmacoeconomics Research for Anti-Virals and Anti-Infectives at Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Her research interest is in designing and implementing pharmacoeconomic research strategies and programs for the pharmaceutical industry. She has published over 100 articles and written an encyclopedia entry for budget-impact analysis. She has served as Editor-in-Chief of Value in Health and is an Associate Editor for Medical Decision Making. Dr. Mauskopf was also the recipient of the 2013 Avedis Donabedian Lifetime Achievement Award. Stephanie R. Earnshaw, PhD, MS Stephanie Earnshaw is Senior Vice President of Health Economics at RTI Health Solutions. She has also had an adjunct professor appointment in the University of North Carolina (UNC) Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy. Prior to joining RTI Health Solutions, Dr. Earnshaw worked in UNC's School of Public Health as the Operations Director of the Survey Research Unit and taught courses in the Kenan-Flagler Business School. Her research interest is primarily in applying decision analytic techniques to novel pharmacoeconomic and outcomes research problems for the pharmaceutical industry. She has published 47 articles and has written 3 book chapters. She has taught short courses and distance learning courses for the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research and is on the editorial board of PharmacoEconomics - Open.