During the Second World War and the subsequent Cold War, foreign agents conducted intelligence-gathering, sabotage, and subversive operations inside neutral countries aimed at damaging their opponents' interests. The essays contained in this collection analyze the risks of espionage operations on neutral soil as well as the dangers such covert activities posed for the governments of neutral states. In striving to avoid involvement in the firing line of the Second World War or the front line of the Cold War, the contributors argue that neutral states developed security policies that focused on protecting their own sovereignty without provoking overt hostility from any of the great powers. This collection describes how the warring parties engaged in competition on neutral territory and analyzes how neutral governments rose to the existential challenge posed by international spies, their own venal officials, and even foreign assassins.

André Gerolymatos (19512019) was professor and director of the Stavros S. Niarchos Foundation Centre for Hellenic Studies at Simon Fraser University.Denis Smyth is professor emeritus in the Department of History at the University of Toronto.James Horncastle is assistant professor and Edward and Emily McWhinney Professor in International Relations at Simon Fraser University.

Chapter 1: Intelligence in Neutral Washington, 1914-1917 and 1939-1941Chapter 2: "Under Morphia" from Madrid: Abduction and Anglo-Spanish Relations in 1941Chapter 3: Making Waves: A German Radio in Neutral Ireland and Naval Operations in 1942Chapter 4: Safe Harbour? Clandestine British and German Activities in Portugal and its Colonies during the Second World WarChapter 5: Ambiguous Neutrality and Nazi Intelligence in Spain during the Second World WarChapter 6: Guardians of the "Whispering Gallery"? Switzerland, Neutrality and the Clandestine WarChapter 7: Clandestine Comrades": The Comintern, Tito and the Underground Communist Party of Yugoslavia, 1939-1941Chapter 8: British Preparations for Clandestine War in Greece and the Balkans, 1939-40Chapter 9: Ankara: Rabbit-Warren of SpiesChapter 10: Afghanistan, 1937-1945: From Lynchpin to BackwaterChapter 11: "Berlin of the East": India and the Politics of Cold War AsylumChapter 12: André Gerolymatos: An Appreciation