ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships

Leonard F. Koziol, Deborah Ely Budding, and Dana Chidekel

 Series Title: Springer Briefs in Neuroscience

Subseries: The Vertically Organized Brain in Theory and Practice

It's been a basic neurological given: the brain does our thinking, and has evolved to do the thinking, as controlled by the neocortex. In this schema, all dysfunction can be traced to problems in the brains lateral interactions. But in scientific reality, is this really true? Challenging this traditional cortico-centric view is a body of research emphasizing the role of the structures that control movement-the brain's vertical organization-in behavioral symptoms.

Using a well-known, widely studied disorder as a test case,ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships offers an innovative framework for integrating neuroscience and behavioral research to refine diagnostic process and advance the understanding of disorders. Identifying a profound disconnect between current neuropsychological testing and the way the brain actually functions, this revision of the paradigm critiques the DSM and ICD in terms of the connectedness of brain structures regarding cognition and behavior. The authors argue for a large-scale brain network approach to pathology instead of the localizing that is so common historically, and for an alternate set of diagnostic criteria proposed by the NIMH. Included in the coverage:

The diagnosis of ADHD: history and context.ADHD and neuropsychological nomenclatureResearch Domain Criteria: a dimensional approach to evaluating disorderThe development of motor skills, executive function, and a relation to ADHDThe role of the cerebellum in cognition, emotion, motivation, and dysfunctionHow large-scale brain networks interact

Heralding a more accurate future of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodevelopmentaldisorders,ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships represents a major step forward for neuropsychologists, child psychologists, and psychiatrists, or any related profession interested in a neuroscientific understanding of brain function.

Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships.- ADHD, Attention, and DSM Diagnosis: History and Context.- ADHD and Neuropsychological Nomenclature.- Diagnostic Systems and Etiological Models.- Neuropsychological Models Of Attention and ADHD.- Broad-Based Neuropsychological Test Batteries and ADHD.- Preliminary Answers to the Question.- Dimensional Approaches for Evaluating Disorders: Research Domain Criteria.- The Neocortex, Regional Functional Specialization, and Cognitive Networks.- Large Scale Brain Networks and Functional Connectivity.- The Ontogeny of Functional Brain Networks.- Large Scale Brain Network Disturbances in ADHD.- The Selection Problem.- The Basal Ganglia.-The Basal Ganglia and Intention Programs.- The Basal Ganglia: Focused Attention and Learning Through Integrative Networks.- Reward Circuitry and the Basal Ganglia.-The Cerebellum.- The Modular Organization of the Cerebellum.- The Development of Motor Skills, Executive Functions, and a Relationship to ADHD: A Preliminary Review.- Revisiting Neuropsychological Testing and The Paradox of ADHD.- Neural Network Dynamics: How Large Scale Brain Networks Interact.- Concluding Remarks.