Drawing on essays from leading international and multi-disciplinary scholars,A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology is the first comprehensive and authoritative reference source to cover the key issues of technologys impact on society and our lives.Presents the first complete, authoritative reference work in the fieldOrganized thematically for use both as a full introduction to the field or an encyclopedic referenceDraws on original essays from leading interdisciplinary scholarsFeatures the most up-to-date and cutting edge research in the interdisciplinary fields of philosophy, technology, and their broader intellectual environments

Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen has a Ph.D. in Science Studies and teaches Theory of Science at the Faculty of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. He is the editor of various publications, including a Danish anthology on the concept of time in science andPhilosophy of Technology: 5 Questions (2007).

Stig Andur Pedersen is Professor of Philosophy of Science at Roskilde University. He has published numerous papers on topics such as mathematical logic, mathematical modeling in biology, foundational studies of mathematics and physics, and philosophy of medicine and engineering. He is also the co-author ofPhilosophy of Medicine (1990) and has co-edited several volumes.

Vincent F. Hendricks holds two doctoral degrees in philosophy, is Professor of Formal Philosophy at Roskilde University, and the winner of the Danish Elite Research Prize 2008. His work has been influential on modern mathematical and philosophical logic and concentrates primarily on bringing mainstream and formal approaches to epistemology together. He is the author of numerous texts and papers in this field.

Notes on Contributors xi

Introduction 1

Part I History of Technology 5

1 History of Technology 7Thomas J. Misa

2 Definitions of Technology 18Richard Li-Hua

3 Western Technology 23Keld Nielsen

4 Chinese Technology 28Francesca Bray

5 Islamic Technology 32Thomas F. Glick

6 Japanese Technology 37David Wittner

7 Technology and War 43Bart Hacker

Part II Technology and Science 49

8 Technology and Science 51Don Ihde

9 Science and Technology: Positivism and Critique 61Hans Radder

10 Engineering Science 66Louis L. Bucciarelli

11 Technological Knowledge 70Anthonie W. M. Meijers and Marc J. de Vries

12 The Interplay between Science and Technology 75Bart Gremmen

13 Instruments in Science and Technology 78Mieke Boon

14 Social Construction of Science 84Harry Collins

15 Social Construction of Technology 88 Wiebe E. Bijker

16 Theory Change and Instrumentation 95 Joseph C. Pitt

17 Biology and Technology 99 Keekok Lee

18 Nuclear Technologies 104William J. Nuttall

19 Engineering Design 112Peter Kroes

20 Cybernetics 118Andrew Pickering

21 Chemistry and Technology 123Helge S. Kragh

Part III Technology and Philosophy 129

22 Introduction: Philosophy and Technology 131Val Dusek

23 Semiotics of Technology 141Robert E. Innis

24 Critical Theory of Technology 146Andrew Feenberg

25 Cyborgs 154Evan Selinger

26 Simulation 157Evan Selinger

27 Technology as Applied Science 160Robert C. Scharff

28 Technological Artifacts 165Peter-Paul Verbeek and Pieter E. Vermaas

29 Technical Practice 172Bart Gremmen

30 Technological Pragmatism 175Larry Hickman

31 Hermeneutics and Technologies 180Don Ihde

32 Analytic Philosophy of Technology 184Maarten Franssen

33 Technological Rationality 189Lorenzo C. Simpson

34 Phenomenology and Technology 195Iain Thomson

35 Expertise 202Evan Selinger

36 Imaging Technologies 205Don Ihde

37 The Critique of the Precautionary Principle and the Possibility for an Enlightened Doomsaying 210Jean-Pierre Dupuy

38 Technology and Metaphysics 214Jean-Pierre Dupuy

39 Large Technical Systems 218Erik van der Vleuten

40 Sociotechnical Systems 223Maarten Franssen and Peter Kroes

41 Information Technology 227Luciano Floridi

Part IV Technology and Environment 233

42 Technology and Environment 235Mary Tiles

43 The Precautionary Principle 248Andy Stirling

44 Boundary-work, Pluralism and the Environment 263Jozef Keulartz

45 Global Warming 270Sir John Houghton

46 The Reinvention of CO2 as Refrigerant for Both Heating and Cooling 276Jan Hurlen

47 Environmental Science and Technology 280Mary Tiles

48 Agriculture and Technology 285John R. Porter and Jesper Rasmussen

49 The Built Environment 289Christian Illies

Part V Technology and Politics 295

50 Technology and Politics 297Evan Selinger

51 The Idea of Progress 303Daniel Sarewitz

52 Technology and Power 308Daniel Sarewitz

53 Technology and Culture 311Lucien Scubla

54 Technology Management 316Richard Li-Hua

55 Technology Strategy 321Richard Li-Hua

56 Technology and Globalization 325David M. Kaplan

57 Technology Transfer 329Evan Selinger

58 Technology and Capitalism 333David M. Kaplan

59 The Politics of Gender and Technology 338Elisabeth K. Kelan

60 European Politics, Economy and Technology 342Erik Jones

61 Asian Politics, Economy and Technology 347Keekok Lee

62 US Politics, Economy and Technology 353David M. Hart

63 Energy, Technology and Geopolitics 359John R. Fanchi

Part VI Technology and Ethics 365

64 Technology and Ethics: Overview 367Carl Mitcham and Katinka Waelbers

65 Agriculture Ethics 384David M. Kaplan

66 Architecture Ethics 387Warwick A. Fox

67 Biomedical Engineering Ethics 392Philip Brey

68 Bioethics 397Paul B. Thomson

69 Biotechnology: Plants and Animals 402Bart Gremmen

70 Computer Ethics 406Philip Brey

71 Consumerism 412Edward J. Woodhouse

72 Development Ethics 416Thomas Kesselring

73 Energy Ethics 422Kirsten Halsnæs

74 Engineering Ethics 426Christelle Didier

75 Environmental Ethics 433Thomas Søbirk Petersen

76 Food Ethics 439David M. Kaplan

77 Future Generations 442Jesper Ryberg

78 Genethics 445Nils Holtug

79 Technology and the Law 449Richard Susskind

80 Media Ethics 452Deni Elliott

81 Medical Ethics 455Søren Holm

82 Nanoethics 459John Weckert

83 Nuclear Ethics 462Koos van der Bruggen

84 Religion and Technology 466Carl Mitcham

85 Technology and Personal Moral Responsibility 474Jesper Ryberg

86 Value-sensitive Design 477Jeroen van der Hoven and Noemi Manders-Huits

Part VII Technology and the Future 481

87 Technology, Prosperity and Risk 483Sven Ove Hansson

88 World Risk Society 495Ulrich Beck

89 Risk Analysis 500Sven Ove Hansson

90 Prosperity and the Future of Technology 502William Sims Bainbridge

91 Converging Technologies 508William Sims Bainbridge

92 Nanotechnology 511Alfred Nordmann

93 Energy Forecast Technologies 517John R. Fanchi

94 Biotechnology 523Jennifer Kuzma

95 Transportation 532Jonathan L. Gifford

96 Global Challenges 538Jennifer Kuzma

97 Chemicals 546Bruce E. Johansen

98 The Future of Humanity 551Nick Bostrom

Index 558