Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and is also an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy and environmental science. He has published about 150 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 60 edited books with multiple well-known publishers.

Rajender Boddula, PdD, is currently working for the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative (CAS-PIFI) at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST, Beijing). His academic honors include multiple fellowships and scholarships, and he has published many scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals, edited books with numerous publishers and has authored twenty book chapters.

Mohd Imran Ahamed received his Ph.D on the topic "Synthesis and characterization of inorganic-organic composite heavy metals selective cation-exchangers and their analytical applications", from Aligarh Muslim University, India in 2019. He has published several research and review articles in SCI journals. His research focusses on ion-exchange chromatography, wastewater treatment and analysis, actuators and electrospinning.

Abdullah M. Asiri is the Head of the Chemistry Department at King Abdulaziz University and the founder and Director of the Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR). He is the Editor-in-Chief of the King Abdulaziz UniversityJournal of Science. He has received numerous awards, including the first prize for distinction in science from the Saudi Chemical Society in 2012. He holds multiple patents, has authored ten books and more than one thousand publications in international journals.

Preface xi

1 Fabrication Methods for Bulk Amorphous Alloys 1Marcin Nabiaek

1.1 Production Methods of Amorphous Materials 2

1.1.1 Initial Preparation for the Production of Amorphous Materials 2

1.1.2 The Single-Wheel Melt-Spinning Method 3

1.1.3 Suction-Casting Method 6

1.1.4 Injection-Casting Method 7

1.1.5 Centrifugal Force Method 8

1.1.6 Mechanical Synthesis 8

1.1.7 The Drop Method (Metal Granulation) 10

1.1.8 Water Quenching Method 11

1.2 Applications of the Amorphous Alloys 11

1.2.1 First Commercial Applications of the Bulk Amorphous Alloys 12

1.2.2 Jewelry 12

1.2.3 Electrical and Electronic Technology Engineering 14

1.2.4 Sports Equipment 15

1.2.5 Electrical and Electronic Technology 16

1.2.6 Microelectromechanical Systems MEMS 18

1.2.7 Medicine 18

1.2.8 Military Equipment, Munitions 20

References 21

2 Designing Corrosion-Resistant Alloys 27Jairo M. Cordeiro, Bruna E. Nagay, Mathew T. Mathew and Valentim A. R. Barão

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Alloy Design for Corrosion Resistance 28

2.2.1 Role of Composition in Corrosion-Resistant Alloys 28

2.2.2 Influence of Alloy Microstructure on Corrosion Behavior 30

2.2.3 Manufacturing Process to Develop Corrosion-Resistant Alloys 32

2.3 Final Considerations 34

References 34

3 Ni-Co-W Alloys: Influence of Operational Process Conditions on Their Electroplating 39Josiel Martins Costa, Daniella Gonçalves Portela and Ambrósio Florêncio de Almeida Neto

3.1 Introduction 40

3.2 Metallic Alloys 41

3.2.1 Nickel Alloys 42

3.2.2 Tungsten Alloys 43

3.2.3 Cobalt Alloys 45

3.3 Ni-Co-W Alloys 46

3.4 Operational Parameters in the Electrodeposition of Alloys 51

3.4.1 Temperature 51

3.4.2 Rotating Cathode 53

3.4.3 Current Density 53

3.4.4 Bath Composition and pH 54

3.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 55

References 56

4 Synthesis and Characterization of Al-Mg-Ti-B Alloy 61Hasan Eskalen, Hakan Yaykal and Musa Gögebakan

4.1 Introduction 62

4.2 Experimental 62

4.3 Results and Discussions 63

4.4 Conclusion 70

Acknowledgments 71

References 71

5 Magnetic Alloy Materials, Properties and Applications 73N. Suresh Kumar, R. Padma Suvarna, K. Chandra Babu Naidu, M.S.S.R.K.N. Sarma, Ramyakrishna Pothu and Rajender Boddula

5.1 Introduction 73

5.2 Types of Magnetic Materials 76

5.2.1 Soft Magnetic Materials 76

5.2.2 Hard Magnetic Materials 77

5.3 Magnetic Alloy Materials 78

5.4 Conclusions 86

References 87

6 Microstructural Characterization of Ball Milled Co60Fe18Ti18Nb4Alloys and Their Photocatalytic Performance 91Hasan Eskalen, Serhan Uru, Hakan Yaykal and Musa Gögebakan

6.1 Introduction 92

6.2 Experimental 93

6.2.1 Mechanical Alloying 93

6.2.2 Characterization 93

6.2.3 Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Blue 94

6.3 Results and Discussion 94

6.3.1 Characterization 94

6.3.2 Photocatalytic Studies 98

6.4 Conclusions 100

References 101

7 A Narrative Insight on the Biocompatibility Issues for Dental Alloys and Other Materials 105Sukriti Yadav and Swati Gangwar

7.1 Introduction 106

7.2 Detrimental Effect of Dental Restoratives: Irritation, Toxicity, Allergy, and Mutagenicity 107

7.3 Absorption Routes of Toxic Substances Released From Fental Restorations 108

7.4 Toxicity of Frequently Used Dental Restoratives 109

7.4.1 Dental Silver Amalgams 109

7.4.2 Glass Ionomer Cements 110

7.4.3 Resin-Based Composites 112

7.5 Factors Affecting the Degradation Process of Resin-Based Dental Restoratives 114

7.5.1 Saliva Constituents 114

7.5.2 Masticatory Forces 115

7.5.3 Thermal and Chemical Nutrient Variations 115

7.5.4 Oral Microorganism 116

7.6 Conclusion 116

References 117

8 Technological Advances in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing for Surface Treatment of Alloys and Ceramics 123Rajneesh Kumar Singh, Swati Gangwar and D.K. Singh

8.1 Introduction 124

8.2 Classification of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process 126

8.2.1 Magnetic Field Generated by Permanent Magnet 126

8.2.2 Magnetic Field Generated by Static-Direct Current 126

8.2.3 Magnetic Field Generated by Pulsed-Direct Current 136

8.2.4 Magnetic Field Generated by Alternating Current 137

8.3 Major Areas of Experimental Research in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 138

8.3.1 Process Parameters and Their Influence on Surface Roughness and Material Removal 138

8.3.2 Process Parameters and Their Influence on Finishing Forces and Surface Temperature 143

8.3.3 Study of Magnetic Abrasive Particles and Its Effect on Performance Parameters 144

8.4 Major Areas of Theoretical Research in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 147

8.4.1 Finite Element Analysis of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 147

8.4.2 Process Optimization of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing 149

8.5 Hybrid Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process 150

8.6 Conclusion 153

References 153

9 Alloy Materials for Biomedical Applications 159Bruna Egumi Nagay, Jairo Matozinho Cordeiro and Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão

9.1 Overview of Biomedical Alloys 159

9.2 The Key Properties Required for Biomedical Alloys 161

9.2.1 Mechanical Properties 161

9.2.2 Corrosion Resistance 164

9.2.3 Biological Properties 165

9.2.3.1 Biocompatibility 165

9.2.3.2 Osseointegration 166

9.2.3.3 Hemocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity 166

9.2.3.4 Biodegradability 167

9.3 Commonly Used Biomedical Alloys 167

9.3.1 Stainless Steel 168

9.3.2 Cobalt Alloys 169

9.3.3 Titanium and Its Alloys 171

9.3.4 Zirconium Alloys 172

9.3.5 Tantalum and Niobium Alloys 173

9.3.6 Biodegradable Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc-Based Alloys 174

9.4 Conclusions 176

References 176

10 Alloys for K-Ion Batteries 191Sapna Raghav, Pallavi Jain, Praveen Kumar Yadav and Dinesh Kumar

10.1 Introduction 192

10.2 Anodes 193

10.2.1 Titanium-Based Alloy 193

10.2.2 Niobium-Based Alloy 194

10.2.3 Manganese-Based Alloy 194

10.2.4 Tungsten-Based Alloy 194

10.2.5 Iron-Based Alloy 195

10.2.6 Nickel-Based Alloy 195

10.2.7 Zinc-Based Alloy 196

10.2.8 Lead-Based Alloy 196

10.2.9 Tin-Based Alloy 197

10.2.10 Antimony-Based Alloy 199

10.2.11 Bismuth-Based Electrode 201

10.2.11.1 Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoflake Assemblies 202

10.2.12 Phosphorus-Based Alloy 202

10.2.13 Germanium-Based Alloy 203

10.3 Alloys for Cathode 203

10.3.1 Cobalt-Based Alloy 203

10.3.2 Vanadium-Based Alloy 203

10.3.3 Iron-Based Alloy 204

10.3.4 Manganese-Based Alloy 205

10.4 Conclusion 206

Abbreviations 206

Acknowledgment 206

References 207

11 Shape Memory Alloys 213Josephine S. Ruth D. and Glory Rebekah S. D.

11.1 Introduction 213

11.2 Evolution of Shape Memory Alloy 214

11.3 Classification of SMA 216

11.3.1 One-Way Shape Memory Effect (OWSME) 218

11.3.2 Two-Way Shape Memory Effect (TWSME) 219

11.4 Pseudo-Elasticity or Super-Elasticity (SE) 220

11.5 Biasing Configurations 221

References 223

Index 225