An essential reference filled with 400 of today's current biomedical instruments and devices

Designed mainly for the active bio-medical equipment technologists involved in hands-on functions like managing these technologies by way of their usage, operation& maintenance and those engaged in advancing measurement techniques through research and development, this book covers almost the entire range of instruments and devices used for diagnosis, imaging, analysis, and therapy in the medical field. Compiling 400 instruments in alphabetical order, it provides comprehensive information on each instrument in a lucid style.

Each description inCompendium of Biomedical Instrumentation covers four aspects: purpose of the instrument; principle of operation, which covers physics, engineering, electronics, and data processing; brief specifications; and major applications. Devices listed range from the accelerometer, ballistocardiograph, microscopes, lasers, and electrocardiograph to gamma counter, hyperthermia system, microtome, positron emission tomography, uroflowmeter, and many more.Covers almost the entire range of medical instruments and devices which are generally available in hospitals, medical institutes at tertiary, secondary, and peripheral level facilitiesPresents broad areas of applications of medical instruments/technology, including specialized equipment for various medical specialties, fully illustrated with figures& photographsContains exhaustive description on state of the art instruments and also includes some generation old legacy instruments which are still in use in some medical facilities.

Compendium of Biomedical Instrumentation is a must-have resource for professionals and undergraduate and graduate students in biomedical engineering, as well as for clinical engineers and bio-medical equipment technicians.

RAGHBIR SINGH KHANDPUR, PHD, is Former Director General of Centre for Electronics Design and Technology of India, (Ministry of Information& Communication Technology), Govt. of India. He is also Founder/Director of Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C·DAC), Mohali (Chandigarh) and former Head of Medical Instruments Division CSIR-CSI0 (Central Scientific Instruments Organization), Chandigarh. Dr. Khandpur is a member of the IEEE, and Fellow of the IETE (Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers). He has authored 10 books and is the holder of 7 patents for his innovative designs.

Preface xix

Volume 1

1 Accelerometer 1

2 Air Bubble Detector 8

3 Alcohol Analyser 11

4 Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor 17

5 Ambulatory Cardiac Monitor 20

6 Ambulatory Glucose Monitor 28

7 Ambulatory Sleep Monitor 33

8 Amino Acid Analyser 37

9 Anaesthesia Machine 42

10 Anaesthesia Depth Monitor 50

11 Anorectal Manometry 55

12 Antibiotic Susceptibility Analyser 60

13 Aortic Balloon Pump 64

14 Apnoea Monitor 68

15 Argon Plasma Coagulator 73

16 Arrhythmia Monitor 77

17 Arthroscope 85

18 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer 88

19 Atomic Emission Spectrometer, Flame 94

20 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Microwave Plasma 98

21 Audiometer: Diagnostic 101

22 Audiometer: Evoked Response 106

23 Audiometer: Impedance (Tympanometry) 110

24 Audiometer: Pure Tone 113

25 Audiometer: Screening 116

26 Audiometer: Speech 118

27 Audiometric Calibrator 121

28 Autotransfusion Unit, Blood 126

29 Balance, Electronic 129

30 Ballistocardiograph 134

31 Bilirubinometer 138

32 Biosafety Cabinet 141

33 Bioelectrodes: ECG Electrodes 145

34 Bioelectrodes: EEG Electrodes 150

35 Bioelectrodes: EMG Electrodes 153

36 Biofeedback Instrumentation 158

37 Biotelemetry: ECG (Single Channel) 165

38 Biotelemetry: Multichannel 172

39 Bladder Volume Measuring System: Ultrasonic 177

40 Blood Cell Processor (Apheresis System) 181

41 Blood Flow Detector: Ultrasonic Doppler 184

42 Blood Gas Analyser 187

43 Blood Gas Monitor: Transcutaneous 194

44 Blood Glucose Meter 200

45 Blood Grouping Machine 204

46 Blood Pressure Measurement (Invasive Method) 208

47 Blood Pressure Measurement (Noninvasive Methods) 215

48 Blood Recovery System 222

49 Blood Rheometer 226

50 Blood TimeTemperature Indicator 229

51 Blood Viscometer 232

52 Blood Warmer 237

53 Body Fat Analyser 241

54 Bone Cutting Machine 245

55 Bone Density Measurement: Dual Energy X-ray Technique 246

56 Bone Density Measurement: Ultrasound Method 249

57 Bone Healing Stimulator: External 253

58 Bone Growth Stimulator: Implantable 259

59 Bone Healing Stimulator: Ultrasound 261

60 Brachytherapy: Intravascular 264

61 Brachytherapy Machine 267

62 Breast Biopsy System 273

63 Breast Pump 277

64 Bronchoscope 279

65 Cabinet: Warming 285

66 Camera: Spot Film 287

67 Capnograph 289

68 Carbon Monoxide Analyser 295

69 Cardiac Monitor: Bedside 300

70 Cardiac Output Meter: Fick Method 307

71 Cardiac Output Monitor: Indicator Dilution Method 311

72 Cardiac Output Method: Oesophageal Doppler 316

73 Cardiac Output Monitor: Pulse Contour Method 319

74 Cardiac Output Meter: Thermodilution Technique 323

75 Cardiotocograph 327

76 Central Gas System 335

77 Centrifugal Analyser: Automated 341

78 Centrifuge: Blood Bank 343

79 Centrifuge: Cell Washing 347

80 Centrifuge: Haematocrit 350

81 Centrifuge, Laboratory 353

82 Microcentrifuge 357

83 Centrifuge, Refrigerated 359

84 Centrifuge, Ultra (High Speed) 361

85 Cervical Cancer Screening System, Automated 366

86 Chloride Meter 369

87 Clinical Chemistry Analyser, Dry 373

88 Clinical Chemistry Analyser, Random Access 377

89 Clinical Chemistry Analyser, Semiautomated 380

90 Coagulation Analyser 383

91 Coagulation Time Machine, Activated 388

92 Cobalt60 Machine for Radiotherapy 391

93 Cochlear Prostheses 397

94 Colonoscope 400

95 Colony Counter, Automated 405

96 Colorimeter, Photoelectric 408

97 Colposcope 416

98 Compression Machine, Intermittent Pneumatic 419

99 Computed Tomography 422

100 Computed Tomography, Single Photon 434

101 Continuous Flow Analyser: Automated 441

102 Continuous Passive Motion Machine (CPMM) 447

103 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Machine 451

104 Crash Cart: Resuscitation 454

105 Critical Care Analyser 458

106 Cryostat 464

107 Cryosurgical Unit 469

108 Cryotherapy Machine 473

109 Cutaneous Blood Flow Monitor: Laser Doppler 475

110 CyberKnife 479

111 Cystoscope 484

112 Cytometer: Flow 488

113 Cytometer: Imaging 492

114 Defibrillator: External 497

115 Defibrillator: External Automated 503

116 Defibrillator: Implantable Cardioverter 507

117 Defibrillator: Pacemaker Analyser/ECG simulator 513

118 Dental Amalgamator 518

119 Dental Casting Machine 519

120 Dental Furnace 523

121 Dental Sandblaster 527

122 Differential Counter, Automated 530

123 Digital Subtraction Angiography Machine 535

124 DNA Sequencer 539

125 Dynamometer Exercise System 544

126 Echocardiograph 548

127 Electrical Safety Analyser 555

128 Electrocardiograph 563

129 Electroconvulsive Therapy Machine 571

130 Electroencephalograph 575

131 Electrogastrograph 580

132 Electrolyte Analyser 584

133 Electromyograph 589

134 Electronystagmograph 595

135 Electrooculograph 600

136 Electrophoresis Apparatus 604

137 Electrophoresis, Capillary 610

138 Electroretinograph 615

139 Electrosurgical Machine 620

140 Electrosurgical Tester/Analyser 629

141 Endoscope 635

142 Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulator 640

143 Endoscopy Capsule (Radio Pill) 644

144 ENT Treatment Unit 647

145 Enteral Feeding Pump 650

146 Ergometer, Bicycle 653

147 Ethylene Oxide Analyser 656

148 Event Recorder: Cardiac 659

149 Exercise Stress Testing System 662

Volume 2

150 Flame Photometer 669

151 Flow Injection Based Analyser 674

152 Fluorometer 677

153 Foetal Heart Detector, Ultrasonic 682

154 Foetal Vacuum Extractor 687

155 Freezer, Blood Plasma 690

156 Freezer, UltraLow Temperature 694

157 Functional Electrical Stimulator 697

158 Fundus Camera 702

159 Gait Analyser 706

160 Gamma Camera 710

161 Gamma Counter 717

162 Gamma Knife 720

163 Gas Chromatograph 725

164 Haematology Analyser 732

165 Haematology Analyser, Handheld 739

166 Haemodialysis Machine 742

167 Haemoglobin Meter 749

168 Headlight, Operating 752

169 Hearing Aid 755

170 Hearing Aid Analyser 759

171 Hearing Screening Device, Neonatal 763

172 HeartLung Machine 766

173 Heart Rate Monitor 772

174 Heart Valve, Prosthetic 775

175 Heat and Cold Therapy Device 783

176 Haemodynamic Monitor 787

177 High Performance Liquid Chromatograph 792

178 Hollow Fibre Dialyser 797

179 Hospital Beds 800

180 Humidifier, Home 806

181 Humidifier, Respiratory Gas 809

182 Hyperbaric Oxygenation Chamber 812

183 Hyperthermia System 817

184 Hyperthermia, Systemic 823

185 Hyperthermia, Ultrasonic 826

186 Immunoassay Analyser 831

187 Impedance Cardiograph 836

188 Impedance Spectroscopy 840

189 Incinerator, Hospital 843

190 Incubator, Anaerobic 849

191 Incubator, BOD 852

192 Incubator, CO2 854

193 Incubator, Infant 859

194 Incubator, Microbiological 862

195 Incubator, Neonatal 866

196 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICPOES) 869

197 Infusion Pump Analyser 874

198 Infusion Pump, Patient Controlled Analgesia 879

199 Infusion Pump, Syringe 882

200 Infusion Pump, Volumetric 885

201 Injector, Power 888

202 Insufflator 891

203 Insulin Pump 894

204 Intracranial Pressure Monitor 899

205 Ion-Selective Analyser 903

206 Keratometer 909

207 Lactate Analyser 913

208 Laparoscope 916

209 Laryngoscope 921

210 Laser, Argon Photocoagulator 924

211 Laser, Carbon Dioxide 928

212 Laser, Diode 931

213 Laser, Excimer (Ophthalmic) 935

214 Laser, Holmium:YAG Lithotriptor 939

215 Laser, Navigating, Photocoagulator 942

216 Laser, Nd:YAG 946

217 Laser, PASCAL (Pattern Scanning Laser) 948

218 Laser, Thulium:YAG 952

219 Left Ventricular Assist Device 955

220 Lensometer 960

221 Light, Surgical 964

222 Line Isolation Monitor 968

223 Linear Accelerator Machine 971

224 Lithotripter, Extracorporeal 976

225 Lithotripter, Intracorporeal 981

226 Lyophilizer 985

227 Magnetic Resonance Imaging System 991

228 Mammography 999

229 Manikin 1006

230 Mass Spectrometer, Inductively Coupled Plasma 1009

231 Mercury Analyser 1015

232 Microbial Detection Systems 1019

233 Microbioreactor 1021

234 Microelectrodes 1025

235 Microplate Strip Washer 1031

236 Microscope 1035

237 Microscope, Atomic Force 1039

238 Microscope, Bright Field 1043

239 Microscope, Confocal 1047

240 Microscope, Dark Field 1052

241 Microscope, Dissecting 1056

242 Microscope, Fluorescence 1060

243 Microscope, Inverted 1065

244 Microscope, NearField Scanning Optical 1068

245 Microscope, Operating/Surgical 1072

246 Microscope, Phase Contrast 1076

247 Microscope, Polarizing 1080

248 Microscope, Scanning Electron 1084

249 Microscope, Scanning Tunnelling 1091

250 Microscope, Transmission Electron 1096

251 Microtome 1102

252 Microtome, Cryostat 1107

253 Microtome, Laser 1110

254 Microtome, Ultra 1113

255 Microwave Diathermy Machine 1115

256 Nebulizer, Pneumatic/Jet 1119

257 Nebulizer, Ultrasonic 1122

258 Neonatal Monitoring System 1124

259 Nephelometer 1129

260 Neurological Monitor 1132

261 Neutron Activation Analyser 1136

262 Nitrogen/Protein Analyser 1140

263 Nitrous Oxide Analyser 1143

264 Oesophagoscope/Gastroscope 1145

265 Oesophagus Manometry 1150

266 Ophthalmoscope, Direct 1156

267 Ophthalmoscope, Indirect 1158

268 Optical Tweezers 1161

269 Osmometer 1165

270 Otoacoustic Emission Testing System 1168

271 Otoscope 1172

272 Oxygen Analyser 1175

Volume 3

273 Pacemaker, Cardiac External 1185

274 Pacemakers, Implantable 1190

275 Pacemakers, Rate Responsive 1194

276 Pacemaker Function Analyser 1198

277 Paraffin Dispenser 1201

278 Particle Counter 1204

279 Patient Monitoring System, Central 1210

280 Patient Warmer 1214

281 Peak Flowmeter 1217

282 Pedometer 1220

283 Peritoneal Dialysis Machine 1225

284 Personal Cascade Impactor 1228

285 pH Meter 1232

286 Phacoemulsification Machine 1240

287 Phonocardiograph 1244

288 Phototherapy Unit 1249

289 Picture Archiving and Communication Systems 1252

290 Plasma Thawing Equipment 1258

291 Platelet Aggregation Analyser 1260

292 Platelet Agitator 1264

293 Platelet Counter 1266

294 Plethysmograph 1269

295 Pneumotachometers 1275

296 Point-of-Care Analyser 1278

297 Positron Emission Tomography 1283

298 Proton Beam Radiotherapy Machine 1288

299 Pulmonary Function Analyser 1294

300 Pulse Oximeter 1299

301 Radiant Warmer, Neonatal 1303

302 Radiation Dosimeter 1307

303 Radiation Dosimeter, Electronic Personal 1310

304 Radiation Dosimeter, GeigerMuller Counter 1314

305 Radiation Dosimeter, Ionization Chamber 1318

306 Radiation Dosimeter, Optically Stimulated Luminescence 1321

307 Radiographic Dosimeter, Photographic Film 1323

308 Radiation Dosimeter, Radiochromic Film 1325

309 Radiation Dosimeter, Scintillation Counter 1327

310 Radiation Dosimeter, Thermoluminescent 1331

311 Radiation Therapy Simulator 1335

312 Radiation Therapy CT Simulator 1339

313 Radiofrequency Ablation Machine 1343

314 Radiography Machine, Analog 1348

315 Radiography Machine, Digital 1355

316 Radiography/Fluoroscopy 1360

317 Radiography, Mobile Machine 1364

318 Radiographic Unit, Dental 1370

319 Radioimmunoassay Analyser 1374

320 Radiology Information System1377

321 Radiotherapy, Intraoperative Therapy Machine 1383

322 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System 1388

323 Refractor, Auto 1392

324 Refrigerator, Blood Bank 1396

325 Refrigerator, Blood Bank, IceLined 1401

326 Refrigerator, Blood Bank, SolarPowered 1403

327 Renal Transplant Perfusion Machine 1405

328 Respiration Rate Monitor 1408

329 Robotic Surgery System 1415

330 Scale, Infant 1421

331 Scale, Patient 1423

332 Scintillation Counter 1426

333 Scintillation Counter, Liquid 1429

334 ShortWave Diathermy Machine 1433

335 Simulator, ECG 1438

336 Simulator, Multiparameter 1441

337 Skin TemperatureMeasuring Devices 1445

338 Slit Lamp 1450

339 Spectrofluorometer 1454

340 Spectrometer, Gamma 1459

341 Spectrometer, NMR 1462

342 Spectrophotometer, Infrared 1468

343 Spectrophotometer (UVVisible) 1478

344 Sphygmomanometer 1487

345 Spirometer 1491

346 Stem Cell Separator, Automated 1498

347 Sterilizer, Dry heat 1503

348 Sterilizer, Gas 1506

349 Sterilizer, Plasma 1510

350 Sterilizer, Radiation 1514

351 Sterilizer, Steam 1518

352 Stethoscope 1522

353 Stethoscope, Electronic 1525

354 Stimulator, Bladder 1529

355 Stimulator, Deep Brain 1534

356 Stimulator, Peripheral Nerve 1538

357 Stimulator, Peripheral Nerve (Regional Anaesthesia) 1541

358 Stimulator, Phrenic Nerve 1545

359 Stimulator, Spinal Cord 1547

360 Stimulator, Vagus Nerve 1552

361 Suction Apparatus 1556

362 Suction Pump, Surgical 1559

363 Surgical Dermatome 1562

364 Tablet Counter 1563

365 Temperature Data Logger, Blood Bank 1567

366 Thermocycler (PCR Machine) 1570

367 Thermography, Infrared Camera 1574

368 Thoracic Aspirator 1580

369 Thyroid Uptake System 1583

370 Tissue Processor 1586

371 Tonometer, Arterial 1589

372 Tonometer, Ophthalmic 1593

373 Traction Unit 1597

374 Transcranial Blood Flow Doppler Machine 1599

375 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator 1607

376 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator 1611

377 Ultrasonic Cleaner 1615

378 Ultrasonic Dental Scaler 1620

379 Ultrasonic Imaging System 1624

380 Ultrasonic Surgical Machine, Harmonic 1630

381 Ultrasonic Therapy Unit 1634

382 Ultrasound Thrombolysis System 1637

383 Urine Chemistry Analyser 1641

384 Urodynamic Measurements 1645

385 Uroflowmeter 1648

386 Uterine Aspirator 1652

387 Ventilator, Anaesthesia 1654

388 Ventilator, Continuous 1659

389 Ventilator, High Frequency 1662

390 Ventilator, ICU 1667

391 Ventilator, Lung 1672

392 Ventilator, Neonatal 1677

393 Ventilator, Transport 1680

394 Ventilator Tester 1685

395 Videoconferencing System (Telemedicine) 1688

396 Vital Signs Monitor 1694

397 Vitrectomy Machine 1701

398 Water Bath 1705

399 Wavefront Measurement Device 1707

400 Xray Film Processor 1711

Index 1715