Diagnosing Dental and Orofacial Pain: A Clinical Manualapproaches a complex topic in a uniquely practical way. This text offers valuable advice on ways to observe and communicate effectively with patients in pain, how to analyze a patients pain descriptions, and how to provide a proper diagnosis of orofacial pain problems that can arise from a myriad of sourcesanywhere from teeth, joint and muscle pain, and paranasal sinuses to cluster headaches, neuralgias, neuropathic pain and viral infections.

Helps the student and practitioner understand the diagnostic process by addressing the exact questions that need to be asked and then analyzing verbal and non-verbal responses to theseEdited by experts with decades of clinical and teaching experience, and with contributions from international specialistsCompanion website provides additional learning materials including videos, case studies and further practical tips for examination and diagnosisIncludes numerous color photographs and illustrations throughout to enhance text clarity

Alex J. Moule is an Associate Professor and Discipline Lead in Endodontics at the School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

M. Lamar Hicks is Clinical Professor, Deans Faculty, Endodontics Division at the University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Contributors vi

Acknowledgments vii

About the Companion Website viii

1 Introduction 1Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

2 The Art of Listening Communicating Effectively with a Patient in Pain 3Andrew D. Wolvin

3 Causes of Pain in the Orofacial Region 6Vishal R. Aggarwal, Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

4 Gathering Information for an Accurate Pain Diagnosis 16Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

5 Analyzing Patients in Pain Describing Pain and the Importance of Descriptors 19Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

6 Analyzing Patients in Pain Observing Patients in Pain 23Alex J. Moule and Tareq Al Ali

7 Analyzing Patients in Pain Associations with Cold and Heat 36Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

8 Analyzing Pain Descriptions Pain on Biting or Eating and Other Considerations 41Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

9 Analyzing Pain Descriptions Time Analysis and the Diagnosis of Orofacial Pain 46Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

10 Analyzing Pain Descriptions Factors Influencing the Pain 50Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks

11 Tests and Testing 53Alex J. Moule and Unni Krishnan

12 Diagnosing Dental Pain 61Alex J. Moule and Unni Krishnan

13 Diagnosing Cracked (Crown Fractured) Teeth 68Alex J. Moule

14 Diagnosing Joint and Muscle Pains 79Chris Moule and Iven Klineberg

15 Diagnosing Pain Referral from Neck and Shoulders 89Scott Cook and Alex J. Moule

16 Diagnosing Pain from the Sinuses 96Unni Krishnan and Alex J. Moule

17 Diagnosing Tension Headaches and Migraine 103David Mock

18 Diagnosing Cluster Headaches 106Kerryn Green

19 Diagnosing Trigeminal Neuralgia 109Kerryn Green

20 Viruses as a Cause of Orofacial Pain 113Michael Apicella

21 Vascular Causes of Headaches 117Mark Paine

22 Diagnosing Neuropathic Orofacial Pain 123E. Russell Vickers and Alex J. Moule

23 Referral Strategies for Orofacial Pain Cases 130F. Russell Vickers and Alex J. Moule

References 133

Index 140