The Stability of Islamic Financemain focus is on the question of the sources of financial instability which seems inherent in the conventional system. As a core component of this focus, the book will consider episodes of turbulence and instability in a historical context recalling the occurrence of such events from mid-19th century to the present. It will present various theoretical explanations along with solutions and alternative financial systems that avoid instability provided by various scholars dating back to mid-19th century to present.

The book then will present and discuss the architecture of an Islamic financial system and show that at its core, this system shares many characteristics of an stable financial system proposed by Western scholars throughout history to avoid the inherent instability of the present dominant system. Particular emphasis will be placed on the present financial crisis and its causes as well the financial crisis of the 1997 in Southeast Asia, Russia, and Latin America relating these episodes to the fundamental features of the dominant system. The debt crisis of the low income countries will also be part of this discussion. It will then argue that these crises could be mitigated under an Islamic system or any other system with similar architecture.

PROF. HOSSEIN ASKARIreceived all his university education, including a Ph.D. in economics, at MIT. He has taught at MIT, Tufts University, the University of Texas at Austin and is now the Iran Professor of International Business and International Affairs at the George Washington University. He served for two and a half years on the Executive Board of the IMF and was Special Advisor to the Minister of Finance of Saudi Arabia. In the mid-1980s he was the director of a multinational team that developed the first energy plan and energy planning models for Saudi Arabia. He has written extensively on economic development in the Middle East, international trade and finance, agricultural economics, oil economics, economic sanctions, and on Islamic economics and finance.

DR. ZAMIR IQBALworks as Lead Investment Officer in the Treasury of the World Bank in Washington, D.C. He earned his Ph.D. in International Finance from the George Washington University, where he also serves as adjunct faculty of International Finance. He has extensive experience with capital markets, structured products, risk management, financial sector development, and financial modeling. His research interests include Islamic finance, financial engineering, structured finance and risk management. He is co-author of several books on Islamic banking and finance.

DR. NOUREDDINE KRICHENEreceived his Ph.D. in economics, University of California, Los Angeles, 1980; joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1986; and held the position of advisor at the Islamic DevelopmentBank.

DR. ABBAS MIRAKHORreceived his Ph.D. in Economics from Kansas State University in 1969. After teaching at various universities in the USA and in Iran he joined the staff of the Research Department of the IMF in 1984. He became an Executive Director of the IMF from 1990 until his retirement in 2008. He is the author of a number of articles and books on Islamic economics and finance. He is now the first holder of the INCEIF Chair in Islamic Finance.

Foreword ix

Acknowledgments xiii

Glossary of Arabic Terms xv

Introduction 1

CHAPTER 1 The Nature of Capital and the Rate of Return 11

CHAPTER 2 The Origins of Financial Panics and Recessions 23

CHAPTER 3 Monetary Policy and Financial Crises 37

CHAPTER 4 The Internationalization of Financial Crises 45

CHAPTER 5 The Role of the Credit Multiplier in Financial Crises 61

CHAPTER 6 The Inherent Stability of Islamic Finance 75

CHAPTER 7 A Theoretical Model of the Inherent Stability of Islamic Finance 83

CHAPTER 8 Asset Pricing and Risk in Islamic Finance 93

CHAPTER 9 Islamic Financial Intermediation and Markets 113

CHAPTER 10 Risk Profi le of Islamic Financial Intermediaries 131

CHAPTER 11 Financial Engineering, Derivatives and Financial Stability 141

CHAPTER 12 Corporate Governance and Financial Crises 163

CHAPTER 13 The Performance of Islamic Financial Intermediaries and Products 183

Conclusion 209

Bibliography 217

Index 225