In this book, one of the worlds leading social theorists presents a critical, alarmed, but also nuanced understanding of the post-traditional world we inhabit today. Jeffrey Alexander writes about modernity as historical time and social condition, but also as ideology and utopia. The idea of modernity embodies the Enlightenments noble hopes for progress and rationality, but its reality brings great suffering and exposes the destructive impulses that continue to motivate humankind. Alexander examines how twentieth-century theorists struggled to comprehend the Janus-faced character of modernity, which looks backward and forward at the same time. Weber linked the triumph of worldly asceticism to liberating autonomy but also ruthless domination, describing flights from rationalization as systemic and dangerous. Simmel pointed to the otherness haunting modernity, even as he normalized the stranger. Eisenstadt celebrated Axial Age transcendence, but acknowledged its increasing capacity for barbarity. Parsons heralded American community, but ignored modernitys fragmentations. Rather than seeking to resolve modernitys contradictions, Alexander argues that social theory should accept its Janus-faced character. It is a dangerous delusion to think that modernity can eliminate evil. Civil inclusion and anti-civil exclusion are intertwined. Alexander enumerates dangerous frictions endemic to modernity, but he also suggests new lines of social amelioration and emotional repair.
CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1: Social Theory between Progress and Apocalypse Chapter 2: Autonomy and Domination: Webers Cage Chapter 3: Barbarism and Modernity: Eisenstadts Regret Chapter 4: Integration and Justice: Parsons Utopia Chapter 5: Despising Others: Simmels Stranger Chapter 6: Meaning Evil Chapter 7: De-civilizing the Civil Sphere Chapter 8: Psychotherapy as Central Institution Chapter 9: The Frictions of Modernity and their Possible Repair Notes Bibliography
