This book arose from Henry Calderwood's Morse lectures given in association with Union Theological Seminary in New York in 1880 and was first published in both New York and London in 1881, during a time of heated debates over the relationship between science and religion. Calderwood, a Scottish clergyman, taught moral philosophy at Edinburgh University for more than three decades. He wrote on a variety of topics and devoted several books to the science/religion debate, arguing that theism and evolution were compatible. The book explores the late-nineteenth-century intellectual engagement with evolutionary theory and related scientific and philosophical developments. This is a valuable resource for evolutionary historians.